sono Latin · revision 2947

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *swenh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɔ.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsɔː.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sonō''' (present infinitive sonāre, perfect active sonuī or sonāvī, supine sonitum or sonātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Early Latin also has third-conjugation forms such as ''sonit'' and ''sonere'', in Ennius, Accius and Lucretius.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*swena-|t=to sound]], [[inh|ine-pro|*swenh₂-|t=to sound]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The older third-conjugation verb [[m|la|sonere]] was gradually replaced by the first-conjugation verb, which de Vaan takes to continue an iterative *swonh₂-eye- “to resound”, unless it was made from the noun [[sonus]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[sga|seinnid|t=plays (an instrument)]] and [[sa|स्वनति|tr=svánati|t=sounds]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) whose shipwrecked girl says “here are rocks, here the sea roars”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to make a [[m|en|sound]] of any kind, as weapons that rang in the temple of Hercules in Cicero, and of people and animals to utter sounds.^(OLD 2012) Places were said to resound, a voice or noise to be heard, and a person to be spoken of as something.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ With an object it meant to utter a sound or words, to give out a sound, as Varro's sheep that seem to say “be”, and to celebrate in song, as Horace's Alcaeus.^(OLD 2012) Medieval music theory used it for sounding a note or interval.^(LmL) It survives as French ''sonner'', Italian ''suonare'', Spanish ''sonar'' and Portuguese ''soar''.^(Wiktionary) English ''sound'' “noise” comes from its noun ''sonus'' through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the roaring sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses the old form ''sonit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the sound sheep make.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of weapons ringing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 13th century – English ''sound'' “noise” is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|sound]], make a noise.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To speak, utter (sounds).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To resound, echo.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of a sound)'' To be heard.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be spoken of (as).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To utter, give out (a sound, words).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|celebrate]] (in song).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[circumsonō]]

+ * [[cōnsonō]]

+ * [[dissonō]]

+ * [[exsonō]]

+ * [[īnsonō]]

+ * [[intersonō]]

+ * [[obsōnō]]

+ * [[personō]]

+ * [[praesonō]]

+ * [[resonō]]

+ * [[sēmisonans]]

+ * [[sonābilis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sonipēs]]

+ * [[sonivius]]

+ * [[sonōrē]]

+ * [[sonōritās]]

+ * [[sonōrus]]

+ * [[sonus]]

+ * [[en|sound]]

+ * [[en|sonnet]]

+ * [[en|sonant]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}