valeo Latin · revision 2946

15 Oct 2026, 19:24 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *h₂welh₁-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwa.ɫe.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvaː.le.o]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''valeō''' (present infinitive valēre, perfect active valuī, supine valitum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wal-ē-|t=to be strong]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂ulh₁-eh₁-|t=to be strong]], a stative verb.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ Related to [[osc|ϝαλε|tr=vale|t=farewell]],^(de Vaan 2008) and cognate with [[sga|flaith|t=sovereignty]] and [[txb|walo|t=king]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ It is found from Naevius onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) and in Plautus a slave admires a baby: “how big he is and how strong!”^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to be strong and to be [[m|en|well]] or in good health, and the imperative ''vale'' became the usual word for “goodbye”, as at the end of Plautus' comedies.^(OLD 2012) Things such as fire were said to have force, and states and men to be powerful, as Cicero's fear “that Antony may prevail”.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ It meant to be able, to be effective or succeed, and of words and arguments to carry weight.^(OLD 2012) Laws were said to be valid, one thing to count as another, and coins to be worth so much, as the ''denarius'' worth ten asses.^(OLD 2012) Medieval Latin used it for being able and prevailing,^(Wiktionary) and a Neo-Latin writer for taking one's leave.^(Ramminger) It survives as Italian ''valere'', French ''valoir'', and Spanish and Portuguese ''valer''.^(Wiktionary) English ''value'' came from Old French about 1300, and ''valid'' from its derivative ''validus''.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses its derivative ''valentia''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for strength and ''valete'' for goodbye.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for political power and for valid laws.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1300 – English ''value'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1570s – English ''valid'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To be strong.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # To be [[m|en|well]], be in good health.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''vale'' Goodbye!^(OLD 2012)
+ # To have power, prevail.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To be able (to).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To be effective, succeed.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To carry weight, have influence.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(of laws)'' To be [[m|en|valid]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To count as, be equivalent to.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To be worth.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[aequivaleō]]
+ * [[convaleō]]
+ * [[invaleō]]
+ * [[pervaleō]]
+ * [[praevaleō]]
+ * [[supervaleō]]
+ * [[valē]]
+ * [[valedīcō]]
+ * [[valēns]]
+ * [[valenter]]
+ * [[valentia]]
+ * [[valentīnus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[polleō]]
+ * [[validus]]
+ * [[en|value]]
+ * [[en|valid]]
+ * [[en|valiant]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}