indeed English · revision 2941

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 1330|origins=en in, en deed}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɪnˈdiːd/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|in dede|t=in fact, in truth]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from the preposition [[in]] and [[deed]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[ang|dǣd|t=a doing, act]].^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) It was commonly written separately until about 1600.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In actual fact, in truth: about 1330 in the OED,^(OED 1989) the early 14th century in Etymonline,^(Etymonline) and before 1338 in Barnhart, in Mannyng's ''Chronicle of England''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ “In reality”, as opposed to mere appearance, is from 1412–20.^(OED 1989) Confirming and amplifying a previous statement is from 1535,^(OED 1989) and the concessive use, “it is true (but …)”, from 1563.^(OED 1989) The interrogative “Is it so? Really?” is from 1598, in Shakespeare's ''Merry Wives of Windsor'',^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) and the interjection of irony, contempt or surprise from 1834.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) The emphatic ''yes indeedy'' is American English from 1856.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1330 – in fact, truly.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1535 – confirming a statement.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1563 – concessive use.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1598 – “really?”.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1600 – written as one word.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1834 – interjection of surprise or contempt.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1856 – ''yes indeedy''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Without doubt; [[certainly]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # In fact; in reality.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Moreover; what is more.^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Interjection===

+ # Expressing surprise, [[skepticism]] or [[irony]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[deed]]

+ * [[do]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Scottish and Irish dialect had emphatic phrases such as ''indeed-an'-doubles''.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}