ars Latin · revision 2903

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂er-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈars]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈars]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ars''' ''f'' (genitive artis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*arti-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂r̥-tí-|t=the fitting]], from the root [[m|ine-pro|*h₂er-|t=to fit, join]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) From it were formed [[sollers]] “skilled”, from *soll-arti- with [[sollus]] “whole”, and [[iners]] “unskilled, idle”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[ae|aṣ̌i-|t=reward]] and [[grc|ἄρτι|tr=árti|t=just, exactly]],^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) and with [[sa|ऋति|tr=ṛtí-|t=manner]].^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) whose young man wonders which of two trades, ''artes'', he should take up.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant [[m|en|skill]] and craftsmanship, and art as opposed to nature.^(OLD 2012) It also meant a trick or stratagem, as the stepmother's ''ars'' that killed Hippolytus in Virgil, and in the plural a person's habits or conduct.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It was a body of knowledge and technique, an art or science, so that Varro could ask whether etymology is an ''ars''.^(OLD 2012) The ''bonae artes'' were the liberal studies.^(OLD 2012) It was a trade or profession, a work of art, and the rules or theory of an art, hence a textbook.^(OLD 2012) In Medieval Latin it also meant a machine, and ''artes'' were the liberal arts.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives as Italian and Portuguese ''arte'' and French ''art'', and English ''art'' came from French and Latin in the early 13th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for a trade.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro asks whether etymology is an art.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of the teachers of all the liberal arts.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it for a stepmother's wiles.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 13th century – English ''art'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Skill]], craftsmanship.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Art (as opposed to nature).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A trick, wile, stratagem.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(in the plural)'' Habits, conduct.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An art, science, ''bonae artes'' the liberal studies.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A trade, profession, [[m|en|craft]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A work of art; artistry.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The rules of an art, theory; a textbook.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A machine.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[artifex]]

+ * [[artitus]]

+ * [[iners]]

+ * [[quinquertium]]

+ * [[sollers]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arto]]

+ * [[arctō]]

+ * [[arma]]

+ * [[en|art]]

+ * [[en|artist]]

+ * [[en|artifice]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}