planta Latin · revision 2901

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpɫan.ta]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈplan.ta]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''planta''' ''f'' (genitive plantae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD treats the senses “sole of the foot” and “shoot” under separate headwords.^(OLD 2012) De Vaan follows Walde–Hofmann and Ernout–Meillet in taking the second as a back-formation from an unattested verb *plantāre, “to level the soil” or “to plant with the sole of the foot”, so that both go back to one form.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ He reconstructs [[inh|itc-pro|*plānt-ā-]], either “the flat one”, from the root of [[planus|alt=plānus]] “flat”, or “the one that strikes (the ground)”, from the root of [[pello|alt=pellō]] “to push, beat”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary also gives a form *plānktā from a root meaning “to strike”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards in the sense “sole of the foot”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) The sense “shoot” appears from Cato onwards.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In farming it was a shoot or slip taken from a plant for propagation, and Cicero lists ''malleoli, plantae, sarmenta'', “mallet-shoots, slips, twigs”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It was also a young tree for transplanting, and Juvenal uses it for a plant or herb in general.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ As the sole of the foot it appears in Plautus and in Virgil, and ''planta duci'' was “to be dragged by the heel”.^(Gaffiot 2016) From it came ''supplantare'', to trip someone up.^(de Vaan 2008) Medieval Latin used it for a newly planted vineyard and for the sole of a shoe,^(Niermeyer 1976) and a Neo-Latin writer for the ground plan of a building.^(Ramminger) It survives as French ''plante'', Italian ''pianta'' and Spanish ''planta'', and English ''plant'' comes from Old English ''plante''.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for the sole of the foot.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it for a shoot.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero lists it among cuttings.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it for the sole of the foot.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal uses it for a plant.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A shoot, slip, cutting (for propagation).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A young tree for transplanting.^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|plant]], herb.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # The [[m|en|sole]] of the foot; the foot.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A newly planted [[m|en|vineyard]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The sole of a shoe.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(New Latin)'' A ground plan.^(Ramminger)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[plantāgō]]

+ * [[plantāris]]

+ * [[plantāria]]

+ * [[plantārium]]

+ * [[plantiger]]

+ * [[plantō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[plantatio]]

+ * [[palma]]

+ * [[pellō]]

+ * [[plānus]]

+ * [[en|plant]]

+ * [[en|supplant]]

+ * [[en|plantation]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}