colo Latin · revision 2898

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *kʷelh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɔ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkɔː.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''colō''' (present infinitive colere, perfect active coluī, supine cultum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kʷele/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*kʷelh₁-e/o-|t=to go round]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The original /e/ became /o/ after the initial /kʷ/, and the older vowel is kept in [[inquilinus|alt=inquilīnus]] “tenant”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Wiktionary explains the meaning as moving around a place and so staying or dwelling there.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[sa|चरति|tr=cárati|t=moves, walks]] and [[grc|πέλομαι|tr=pélomai|t=to move, be]],^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) and with [[grc|τέλος|tr=télos|t=end, goal]] and [[sq|sjell|t=to turn, bring]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Naevius onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) who has someone urged to honour his fathers and country at home rather than earn disgrace abroad.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to live in or inhabit a place, as Plautus' gods “who dwell in heaven”, and the gods were said to dwell in the places they protected.^(OLD 2012) It meant to till or [[m|en|cultivate]] land, as in Cato, to look after or tend things, and to adorn.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ From tending came honouring: to worship the gods, as in Cicero, to cultivate a person's friendship, to practise religion, to observe laws and duties, and to foster a study or pursuit.^(OLD 2012) Its derivatives [[colonus|alt=colōnus]] “farmer, settler”, [[colonia|alt=colōnia]] “settlement”, [[cultus]] and [[cultura|alt=cultūra]] gave English ''colony'', ''cult'' and ''culture''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it for honouring one's fathers and country.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for gods dwelling in heaven.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it for cultivating a farm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for worshipping the gods.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''culture'' comes from its derivative ''cultura''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To live in, [[m|en|inhabit]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of gods)'' To dwell in, watch over (a place).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To till, [[m|en|cultivate]] (land).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To look after, tend.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To adorn, decorate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|worship]], honour.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To cultivate (a person), court.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To practise (religion); to observe (laws, duties).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To foster, pursue (a study).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cultūra]]

+ * [[excolō]]

+ * [[incolātus]]

+ * [[recolō]]

+ * [[accolō]]

+ * [[circumcolō]]

+ * [[colōnus]]

+ * [[culta]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[anculus]]

+ * [[inquilīnus]]

+ * [[en|culture]]

+ * [[en|cult]]

+ * [[en|colony]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different verb, ''cōlāre'' with a long ''o'', from [[colum|alt=cōlum]] “strainer”, means to strain or filter; it appears in Columella and Pliny.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}