rus Latin · revision 2895

15 Oct 2026, 19:20 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *rewh₁-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈruːs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈrus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''rūs''' ''n'' (genitive rūris); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ The locative ''rūrī'' means “in the country”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*rowos-|t=open space, land]], [[inh|ine-pro|*Hreu-os|t=open space, field]]; the nominative *rowos became *rūos and then [[m|la|rūs]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary takes it from the root [[ine-pro|*rewh₁-|t=to open, be wide]].^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ Cognate with [[sga|róe|t=flat field]], [[ae|rauuah-|t=open space]] and [[en|room]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) where someone would “move out of town to live in the country”.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant the [[m|en|country]] as opposed to the town, often in the plural ''rura'', and a country estate or farm, as in Terence's “from my estate nearby”.^(OLD 2012) The accusative ''rus'' meant “to the country” and the locative ''ruri'' “in the country”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus also used it for rustic manners, as when a townsman taunts a farmhand with “the country”.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ Medieval writers used it for the countryside as against churches and towns, as Bede does of preaching.^(DMLBS) English ''rural'' and ''rustic'' come from its derivatives ''ruralis'' and ''rusticus''.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for the country and for rusticity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it for a country estate.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''rural'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ * mid-15th century – English ''rustic'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # The [[m|en|country]], countryside (as opposed to the town).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # A country estate, farm.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''rus'' To the country, ''ruri'' in the country.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Rusticity, country manners.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[rūrālis]]
+ * [[rūrestris]]
+ * [[rūricola]]
+ * [[rūrigena]]
+ * [[rūsculum]]
+ * [[rūsticus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[cīvitās]]
+ * [[oppidum]]
+ * [[urbs]]
+ * [[en|rural]]
+ * [[en|rustic]]
+ * [[en|room]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Döderlein distinguishes ''rus'', the country as opposed to the town, from ''ager'', the open fields as opposed to the district as a whole.^(Döderlein 1874)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}