cado Latin · revision 2883

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *ḱad-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈka.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkaː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cadō''' (present infinitive cadere, perfect active cecidī, supine cāsum); third conjugation, impersonal in the passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kad-e/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*(ḱe-)ḱh₂d-|t=to fall]], though de Vaan marks the reconstruction as uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[sa|शद्|tr=śad-|t=to fall off]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) De Vaan notes that a link with the Greek perfect stem [[m|grc|κεκαδ-|tr=kekad-]] is disputed.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Livius Andronicus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) who writes of a wounded man who, “falling, dashes himself to the ground”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to [[m|en|fall]] down or over, to drop from above, to slip from the hands, to fall out, as Plautus' first teeth, and of the sun and stars to set.^(OLD 2012) Winds and the sea were said to fall, that is, to die down.^(OLD 2012) It meant to fall in battle, as in Cicero's “let us fall with honour rather than live as slaves”, and cities, people and customs fell or perished.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Words fell from the lips, and dice and lots fell.^(OLD 2012) Things befell people or turned out well or badly, and in rhetoric a sentence was said to fall rhythmically at its close.^(OLD 2012) With ''in'' it meant to coincide with a time, to suit or fit, and to fall into a state such as suspicion; prices were said to fall.^(OLD 2012) It survives as Italian ''cadere'', Romanian ''cădea'', Spanish ''caer'' and Portuguese ''cair''.^(Wiktionary) English ''case'', ''chance'', ''accident'' and ''decay'' all go back to it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of teeth falling out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it of a man killed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of a throw of dice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of falling in battle and of rhythmical sentence endings.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of winds dying down.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 13th century – English ''case'' comes from its noun ''cāsus'', “a falling, chance”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|fall]], fall down, drop.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To slip (from the hands); to fall out.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of heavenly bodies)'' To set.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of wind, sea)'' To die down, [[m|en|subside]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To fall (in battle), be killed.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of cities)'' To fall, ''(of people)'' to be ruined.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To perish, pass away; to fall out of use.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of words)'' To be uttered, ''(of dice)'' to fall.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To befall, happen; to turn out.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' To end (rhythmically).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with in)'' To coincide with; to suit; to fall into (a state).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of prices)'' To fall.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accidō]]

+ * [[cadīvus]]

+ * [[cadūcus]]

+ * [[casito]]

+ * [[cassitō]]

+ * [[cāsus]]

+ * [[concadō]]

+ * [[concidō]]

+ * [[dēcidō]]

+ * [[excidō]]

+ * [[incidō]]

+ * [[intercidō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[occāsiō]]

+ * [[cadāver]]

+ * [[en|case]]

+ * [[en|chance]]

+ * [[en|accident]]

+ * [[en|decay]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''labi'', to fall or glide, thinking of the point one falls from, from ''cadere'', thinking of the point one falls to, the ground.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}