coffee English · revision 2799

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1598|origins=ar قهوة}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈkɒf.i/, US /ˈkɑː.fi/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[bor|nl|koffie]],^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(SOED 2002) from [[ota|kahve|alt=kahveh]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from [[ar|قهوة|tr=qahwa|t=coffee]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Nişanyan)^(MWU 2024) which Arab etymologists connected with a word meaning “wine”.^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(Barnhart 1988) Etymonline suggests it may rather come from the Kaffa region of Ethiopia, a home of the plant.^(Etymonline) Two forms of the word came into European languages about 1600: one with a, as French café, Italian caffè and German Kaffee, and one with o, as English coffee, Dutch koffie and Russian kofe.^(Barnhart 1988) The American Heritage Dictionary explains coffee as Italian caffè with the vowel of the Middle Eastern word.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The drink: 1598, in the form chaoua,^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(MWU 2024) with the spelling coffe from 1601^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD) and coffa from 1603–30.^(Barnhart 1988) Early forms such as chaoua, cahve and kauhi reflect the Arabic and Turkish words.^(Etymonline)^(AHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The first coffee house in Mecca dates to the 1510s, and coffee was in Turkey by the 1530s.^(Etymonline) It reached Europe about 1515–19 and England by 1650;^(Etymonline) by 1675 England had more than 3,000 coffee houses and coffee had replaced beer at breakfast, though its use declined in the 18th century with cheaper tea.^(Etymonline) In the American colonies the tax on tea kept coffee popular.^(Etymonline) The seeds are called coffee from 1626, and the shrub from 1623.^(OED 1989) A light meal at which coffee is served is from 1774,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and the colour from 1815.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) ''Coffee house'' is from 1615, ''coffee-pot'' from 1705^(Barnhart 1988) and ''coffee shop'' from 1838,^(Etymonline) and ''coffee break'' from 1952, first in advertisements of the Pan-American Coffee Bureau.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1598 – the drink, as chaoua.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1601 – the spelling coffe.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1615 – ''coffee house''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1623 – the shrub.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1626 – the seeds.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1774 – a light meal with coffee.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1815 – the colour.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1952 – ''coffee break''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A drink made from the roasted and ground seeds of a tropical [[shrub]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # The seeds of this plant, whole or ground; the shrub itself, of the genus ''[[Coffea]]''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A cup of this drink; a gathering at which it is served.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # A light or medium brown colour.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[caffeine]]

+ * [[kaffeeklatsch]]

+ * [[café]]

+ * [[cafeteria]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}