ride English · revision 2768

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 725, Beowulf|origins=ine-pro *reydʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /raɪd/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|riden]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) [[inh|ang|rīdan|t=to ride on horseback; to move forward; to rock, float; to swing]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[gem-pro|*rīdaną|alt=*ridanan]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[ine-pro|*reydʰ-|alt=*reidh-|t=to ride]].^(Etymonline) It is cognate with Old Frisian rīda, Old Saxon rīdan, Dutch rijden, German reiten and Old Norse ríða,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) and outside Germanic with Old Irish riadaim “I travel” and Gaulish rēda “wagon”.^(MWU 2024)^(Hoad 1986) It is related to [[road]].^(Cresswell 2021) The noun is from the verb.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To be carried on horseback; to move forward, as a ship or cloud; to rock at anchor: about 725, in ''Beowulf''.^(Barnhart 1988) Middle English riden is from 1123.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of a ship, “to sail, float, rock”, it is from about 1300,^(Etymonline) and to lie at anchor is Old English.^(Hoad 1986) The verb in venery is from the mid-13th century.^(Etymonline) “To dominate cruelly, harass” is from the 1580s, from the way a rider controls a horse, and “to heckle” by 1912.^(Etymonline) ''Ride out'' a storm is from the 1520s,^(Etymonline) ''ride herd on'' by 1897, from cattle driving,^(Etymonline) and ''ride shotgun'' by 1919, from the armed guard beside a stagecoach driver.^(Etymonline) The noun, a journey on horseback or in a vehicle, is from 1759,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) a spell of riding from 1815,^(Etymonline) and a fairground ride from 1934.^(Etymonline) ''Take someone for a ride'', “to cheat or mislead”, is American from 1925, possibly from the underworld sense of a car trip ending in murder.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) A motor vehicle is slang from 1930.^(Etymonline) The Yorkshire ''Ridings'' have nothing to do with riding: they come from Old Norse þriðjungr “third part”.^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 725 – to ride; to rock at anchor.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1300 – of a ship, to sail.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1520s – ''ride out''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1580s – to harass.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1759 – noun, a journey.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1897 – ''ride herd on''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1919 – ''ride shotgun''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1925 – ''take for a ride''.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1934 – a fairground ride.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To sit on and control a [[horse]], bicycle or motorcycle as it moves.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To travel in a vehicle as a passenger.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To be carried or supported by something: ''ride the waves''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Of a ship, to lie at [[anchor]].^(AHD)^(Hoad 1986)

+ # To harass or tease persistently.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # To depend on: ''everything rides on this''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A journey on horseback or in a vehicle.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # A machine at a fairground on which people ride for fun.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # ''(slang)'' A car.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rideable]]

+ * [[joyride]]

+ * [[hand-ride]]

+ * [[outride]]

+ * [[override]]

+ * [[park-and-ride]]

+ * [[hagride]]

+ * [[hayride]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[road]]

+ * [[raid]]

+ * [[rider]]

+ * [[riding]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The past tense is ''rode'' and the past participle ''ridden'', while ''rid'' for both is archaic.^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}