thus English · revision 2702

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 725, Beowulf|origins=gem-pro *þus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ðʌs/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|thus]],^(MWU 2024) [[inh|ang|þus|t=in this way, as follows]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[gem-pro|*þus]],^(Etymonline) the source also of Old Saxon and Old Frisian thus and Middle Dutch and Dutch dus.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) Barnhart, Merriam-Webster and Etymonline relate it to the demonstrative [[that]] and [[this]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024)^(Etymonline) but Hoad and the SOED call it of unknown origin.^(Hoad 1986)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ “In this way”: Old English þus, about 725 in ''Beowulf''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) The sense “to this extent, so” is found before 700.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ “In accordance with this, therefore, consequently” is from about 1200.^(OED 1989) ''Thus far'', “to this point”, is attested by the 1590s.^(Etymonline) Middle English also used thuswise and thusgates, “in this manner”.^(Etymonline) Johnson (1755) defined it as “in this manner; in this wise”.^(Johnson 1755) The word is now chiefly literary or formal.^(SOED 2002) Jocular ''thusness'' is from the 19th century,^(Hoad 1986) and ''thusly'' is a later, informal form.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 700 – to this extent.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 725 – in this way.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1200 – therefore.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1590s – ''thus far''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In this way; like this.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # As a result; [[therefore]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To this degree or extent: ''thus far''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # For [[example]].^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[thusly]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[that]]

+ * [[this]]

+ * [[so]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate ''thus'' (late Middle English) is a name for frankincense or other resins, from Latin tūs, from Greek thýos “sacrifice, incense”.^(SOED 2002)^(OED 1989) In Yorkshire dialect ''thus and so'' meant “only middling” of health.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}