damage English · revision 2692

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1292|origins=la damnum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈdæm.ɪdʒ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|damage]],^(MWU 2024) [[bor|fro|damage|t=loss caused by injury]], domage (modern dommage),^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from dam, damme “loss, damage”,^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from [[la|damnum|t=loss, hurt, damage, fine]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) the source of [[damn]], with the suffix [[-age]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) The verb is from Old French damagier, from the noun.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Loss or detriment caused by injury: 1292,^(OED 1989) probably before 1300 in ''Arthour and Merlin'',^(Barnhart 1988) about 1300 in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) The verb is from about 1330.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Physical injury to a thing, reducing its value or usefulness, is from about 1374.^(OED 1989) In law, ''damages'', the money value of what was lost, is from about 1400 (1430 in the OED).^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) In the 14th and 15th centuries a damage could also be a misfortune, a pity.^(OED 1989) Johnson (1755) defined it as “mischief; hurt; detriment”.^(Johnson 1755) The colloquial sense “cost, expense”, as in ''what's the damage?'', is by 1755.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) ''Damage control'' is US Navy jargon by 1933.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1292 – loss caused by injury.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1330 – verb, to damage.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1374 – physical injury to a thing.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1400 – ''damages'' in law.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1755 – cost, expense.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1933 – ''damage control''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Physical harm that reduces the value, usefulness or normal function of something.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Harmful effects: ''damage to his reputation''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''damages'': Money awarded by a [[court]] as [[compensation]] for loss or injury.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # ''(informal)'' The cost: ''what's the damage?''^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To harm or spoil; to [[injure]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[damageability]]

+ * [[damageable]]

+ * [[damagingly]]

+ * [[damager]]

+ * [[damageableness]]

+ * [[predamage]]

+ * [[undamaged]]

+ * [[redamage]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[damn]]

+ * [[indemnity]]

+ * [[condemn]]

+ * [[damnation]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}