ὑποκριτής Ancient Greek · revision 2676

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=5th–4th century BC, Aristophanes and Plato|origins=grc κρίνω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /hy.po.kri.tɛ̌ːs/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /y.po.kriˈtis/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /y.po.kriˈtis/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ῠ̔ποκρῐτής''' (hupokritḗs) ''m'' (genitive ῠ̔ποκρῐτοῦ); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[ὑποκρίνομαι|tr=hupokrínomai|t=to answer; to play a part]] with the agent suffix [[m|grc|-τής|tr=-tḗs]].^(Wiktionary)^(BDAG 2000) Spicq notes that the verb, formed from [[ὑπό|tr=hupó|t=under]] and [[κρίνω|tr=krínō|t=to judge, decide]], first meant “to answer”, as in Homer and Herodotus, then “to interpret” and “to play a part”.^(Spicq 1994)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plato uses it for an interpreter of riddling voices and visions, and Aristophanes, Plato and Xenophon for an actor.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense, “one who answers”, gave “interpreter” or “expounder”, as of dreams in Lucian.^(LSJ 1940) Hesychius glosses it as “seer”.^(LSJ 1940)^(Hesychius) In Attic it was the stage actor, “the one who answers on stage”, and Philodemus uses it of an orator's delivery, calling Demosthenes a subtle actor.^(LSJ 1940)^(Hesychius)

+

+ In the Septuagint and the New Testament it is used only figuratively: one who plays a part, a pretender, a hypocrite, especially in piety.^(BDAG 2000)^(CGL 2021) Lust gives “impious person” for the Septuagint.^(BDAG 2000)^(CGL 2021)^(Lust 2003) Modern Greek [[m|el|υποκριτής|tr=ypokritís]] is a hypocrite, the Hellenistic sense, and, as a learned word, an actor of ancient drama.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Aristophanes and Plato use it for an actor.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Plato uses it for an interpreter of riddles.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ * 1st century BC – Philodemus uses it of an orator's delivery.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 1st century AD – The New Testament uses it for a hypocrite.^(BDAG 2000)^(CGL 2021)

+ * 2nd century AD – Lucian uses it for an interpreter of dreams.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An interpreter, expounder, as of dreams or riddles.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A stage [[m|en|actor]].^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(New Testament)'' A pretender, dissembler, [[m|en|hypocrite]].^(BDAG 2000)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ὑποκρίνομαι|tr=hupokrínomai]]

+ * [[ὑπόκρισις|tr=hupókrisis]]

+ * [[κρίνω|tr=krínō]]

+ * [[en|hypocrite]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}