ἔξοδος Ancient Greek · revision 2664

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=6th–5th century BC, Aeschylus|origins=grc ὁδός}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /ék.so.dos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈek.so.ðos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈek.so.ðos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ἔξοδος''' (éxodos) ''f'' (genitive ἐξόδου); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound of the prefix [[ἐκ|alt=ἐξ-|tr=ex-|t=out]] and [[ὁδός|tr=hodós|t=way, road]]: “a going out, a way out”.^(Wiktionary)^(BDAG 2000)^(Etymonline) The origin of ὁδός is uncertain.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Aeschylus' ''Seven against Thebes'' speaks of the exits of the city gates.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a going out or departure, as opposed to [[εἴσοδος|tr=eísodos|t=entrance]], in Sophocles and Herodotus; a marching out, a military expedition; a procession, especially of women of rank with their attendants; and a way out, an exit.^(LSJ 1940)^(Wiktionary) A papyrus of the 1st century BC uses it for a divorce.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ As a euphemism it meant death, the departure from life, in Sophocles and later.^(BDAG 2000)^(Wiktionary) Second Peter speaks of “after my departure”.^(BDAG 2000)^(Wiktionary) The Septuagint uses it for the departure of the Israelites from Egypt, and the second book of the Bible came to be called ''Ἔξοδος''.^(Wiktionary) Hebrews refers to the exodus.^(Lust 2003)^(BDAG 2000)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ English ''exodus'' came from it through Latin in late Old English, as the name of the book.^(Etymonline) Modern Greek [[m|el|έξοδος|tr=éxodos]] is an exit or a going out, and, after French ''exode'' or English ''exodus'', a mass departure.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Aeschylus uses it for the exits of gates.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus uses it for a military expedition and Sophocles for death.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 1st century BC – A papyrus uses it for a divorce.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 3rd–1st century BC – The Septuagint uses it for the exodus from Egypt.^(Lust 2003)

+ * 1st century AD – The New Testament uses it for death and for the exodus.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * Late Old English – English borrows ''Exodus'' as the name of the book.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A going out, [[m|en|departure]].^(LSJ 1940)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A marching out; a military expedition.^(LSJ 1940)

+ # A [[m|en|procession]].^(LSJ 1940)

+ # A way out, [[m|en|exit]], outlet.^(LSJ 1940)^(Lust 2003)

+ # A [[m|en|divorce]].^(LSJ 1940)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An end, close.^(Wiktionary)^(Lust 2003)

+ # ''(euphemistic)'' [[m|en|death]].^(BDAG 2000)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Septuagint)'' The [[m|en|exodus]] from Egypt.^(Lust 2003)^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ὁδός|tr=hodós]]

+ * [[εἴσοδος|tr=eísodos]]

+ * [[en|exodus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}