στέλλω Ancient Greek · revision 2663

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=ine-pro *stel-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /stél.lɔː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈstel.lo/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈstel.lo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''στέλλω''' (stéllō) ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|grk-pro|*stéľľō]], a present in ⟨*-ye-⟩ from [[ine-pro|*stel-|t=to set up, prepare]].^(Wiktionary)^(LIV 2001)^(Beekes 2010) Related forms are [[xcl|ստեղծանեմ|tr=stełcanem|t=to create]], with an unexplained ''c'', [[sq|shtjell|t=to wind up, hurl]] and [[cu|постьлати|tr=postĭlati|t=to spread]].^(Beekes 2010)^(LIV 2001)

+

+ Some Aeolic forms begin with ⟨σπ-⟩, such as Sappho's ⟨σπόλα⟩ for [[στολή|tr=stolḗ]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Bechtel thought two roots had merged, ''*stel-'' “to send” and ⟨*skʷel-⟩ “to equip”, but the evidence for the second is meagre, and Beekes connects the Aeolic words with [[ine-pro|*spel-|t=to split]] instead.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Iliad'' a leader marshals his companions and urges them to fight, and in the ''Odyssey'' a ship is fitted out.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(Cunliffe 1924)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is to put in order and make ready: to marshal soldiers, fit out a ship or an army, dress and equip a person; in the middle, to get oneself ready.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940) A second group of senses is to draw in: to gather up one's clothes, to furl a sail, and figuratively to curtail one's speech or check something; doctors used it for binding the bowels.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary) From “make ready for a journey” it came to mean to dispatch, send, and to summon or fetch, and in the middle or passive to set out.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In the Septuagint and the New Testament it is used only in the middle, “to keep away from, avoid”.^(Lust 2003)^(BDAG 2000) The prefixed [[ἀποστέλλω|tr=apostéllō|t=to send off]] and [[ἐπιστέλλω|tr=epistéllō|t=to send to]] gave [[ἀπόστολος|tr=apóstolos]] and [[ἐπιστολή|tr=epistolḗ]]; the simple verb gave [[στόλος|tr=stólos|t=expedition, fleet]] and [[στολή|tr=stolḗ|t=garment]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Byzantine ''στέλνω'' is the Modern Greek word for “to send”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – It is used for marshalling men and fitting out ships.^(LSJ 1940)^(Cunliffe 1924)

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Aeschylus uses it for furling a sail and for fitting out an army.^(CGL 2021)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus and Euripides use it for sending persons and ships.^(CGL 2021)

+ * 2nd century BC – Polybius uses the middle for shortening sail and curtailing one's words.^(CGL 2021)

+ * 1st century AD – The New Testament uses the middle for keeping away from someone.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * Byzantine period – It becomes ''στέλνω'' “to send”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put in order, make ready; to marshal soldiers.^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+ # To fit out, [[m|en|equip]] a ship or an army; to dress, array a person.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(middle)'' To get oneself ready; to set out on a journey.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To gather up clothes; to [[m|en|furl]] a sail; to curtail, check.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(medicine)'' To bind, make costive, or ''(middle)'' to restrict one's diet.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|dispatch]], send.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To summon, fetch.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(middle, Septuagint and New Testament)'' To keep away from, avoid.^(Lust 2003)^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἀμφιστέλλομαι|tr=amphistéllomai]]

+ * [[ἀναστέλλω|tr=anastéllō]]

+ * [[ἀποστέλλω|tr=apostéllō]]

+ * [[ἄστολος|tr=ástolos]]

+ * [[αὐτόστολος|tr=autóstolos]]

+ * [[διαστέλλω|tr=diastéllō]]

+ * [[δίστολος|tr=dístolos]]

+ * [[ἐπιστέλλω|tr=epistéllō]]

+ * [[εὐσταλής|tr=eustalḗs]]

+ * [[εὔστολος|tr=eústolos]]

+ * [[ἰδιόστολος|tr=idióstolos]]

+ * [[καταστέλλω|tr=katastéllō]]

+ * [[κυανόστολος|tr=kuanóstolos]]

+ * [[λινόστολος|tr=linóstolos]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[στάλιξ|tr=stálix]]

+ * [[σταλίς|tr=stalís]]

+ * [[στέλμα|tr=stélma]]

+ * [[στήλη|tr=stḗlē]]

+ * [[στολάς|tr=stolás]]

+ * [[στολή|tr=stolḗ]]

+ * [[στολίς|tr=stolís]]

+ * [[στολμός|tr=stolmós]]

+ * [[στόλος|tr=stólos]]

+ * [[ἀπόστολος|tr=apóstolos]]

+ * [[ἐπιστολή|tr=epistolḗ]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}