τίθημι Ancient Greek · revision 2660

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=ine-pro *dʰeh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /tí.tʰɛː.mi/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈti.θi.mi/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈti.θi.mi/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''τῐ́θημῐ''' (títhēmi) ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|grk-pro|*títʰēmi]], [[inh|ine-pro|*dʰí-dʰeh₁-mi]], the reduplicated present of [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-|t=to put, place, make]].^(Wiktionary)^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) Beekes thinks the Greek reduplication vowel ⟨ι⟩ older than the ⟨a⟩ of [[sa|दधाति|tr=dádhāti]] and [[ae|dadāiti]].^(Beekes 2010) The aorist ⟨ἔθηκα⟩ has a ''k''-suffix also found in Old Latin ⟨fēced⟩ “made”; the root aorist without it is seen in a Boeotian dedication ⟨ἀνέθε⟩ and in [[sa|अधात्|tr=ádhāt]].^(Beekes 2010)^(LIV 2001) A Mycenaean ⟨te-ke⟩ may belong here, though its meaning is uncertain.^(Beekes 2010)^(LIV 2001)

+

+ The same root gives [[ang|dōn|t=to do]], [[la|faciō|t=to make]] and [[xcl|դնեմ|tr=dnem|t=I put]].^(Wiktionary)^(LIV 2001)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Homer uses it for putting and placing things, for burying, for setting up prizes, and for making or causing, as when a god “puts” courage in someone's heart.^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)^(Cunliffe 1924)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its range is very wide: to put, place or set; to lay down, deposit or pay money; to bury; to set up and dedicate offerings; to assign or award.^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021) From “set down” came “to establish”: to lay down laws (in the middle, of a people giving itself laws), to institute, to give a name, and to vote, “put down one's pebble”.^(Wiktionary)^(LSJ 1940) With a predicate it means to make someone something, or to regard and reckon something as such.^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021) Military phrases with ''τὰ ὅπλα'' mean to rest arms, to take position, or to lay them down.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In the New Testament it is used for laying a body in the tomb and laying a foundation.^(BDAG 2000) Its many derivatives include [[θέσις|tr=thésis|t=placing, thesis]], [[θέμα|tr=théma|t=proposition, theme]], [[θήκη|tr=thḗkē|t=box, case]], [[θεσμός|tr=thesmós|t=law]] and [[ἀνάθημα|tr=anáthēma]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek has the new present [[m|el|θέτω|tr=théto]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – It is used for placing, burying and setting up prizes.^(CGL 2021)^(Cunliffe 1924)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus and Thucydides use the middle for making laws and agreements.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 4th century BC – The perfect ''τέθηκα'' is first attested.^(LIV 2001)

+ * 3rd–1st century BC – The Septuagint uses it for setting, placing and laying stones.^(Lust 2003)

+ * 1st century AD – The New Testament uses it for laying a body in the tomb.^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|put]], place, set.^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To lay down; to deposit; to pay.^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To [[m|en|bury]].^(Wiktionary)^(BDAG 2000)

+ # To set up, dedicate an offering; to set before.^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To assign, award.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To lay down, enact laws, or ''(middle)'' to agree upon.^(Wiktionary)^(LSJ 1940)

+ # To establish, institute; to ordain.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make, cause to be.^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021)

+ # To regard, reckon as; to suppose.^(Wiktionary)^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(with ψῆφον)'' To vote.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἀγωνοθετέω|tr=agōnothetéō]]

+ * [[ἄθετος|tr=áthetos]]

+ * [[ἀμφιτίθημι|tr=amphitíthēmi]]

+ * [[ἀνατίθημι|tr=anatíthēmi]]

+ * [[ἀντιτίθημι|tr=antitíthēmi]]

+ * [[ἀποτίθημι|tr=apotíthēmi]]

+ * [[διατίθημι|tr=diatíthēmi]]

+ * [[εἰστίθημι|tr=eistíthēmi]]

+ * [[ἐκτίθημι|tr=ektíthēmi]]

+ * [[ἐντίθημι|tr=entíthēmi]]

+ * [[ἐπιτίθημι|tr=epitíthēmi]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[θέμα|tr=théma]]

+ * [[θέμεθλα|tr=thémethla]]

+ * [[θεμέλιος|tr=themélios]]

+ * [[θέμις|tr=thémis]]

+ * [[θέσις|tr=thésis]]

+ * [[θέσμιος|tr=thésmios]]

+ * [[θεσμός|tr=thesmós]]

+ * [[θετέος|tr=thetéos]]

+ * [[θήκη|tr=thḗkē]]

+ * [[ἀνάθημα|tr=anáthēma]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}