χάρισμα Ancient Greek · revision 2649

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1st century BC – 1st century AD, Philo|origins=grc χάρις}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /kʰá.riz.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈxa.riz.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈxa.riz.ma/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ''' (khárisma) ''n'' (genitive χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτος); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[χαρίζομαι|tr=kharízomai|t=to show favour, give freely]], with the suffix of result nouns [[m|grc|-μα|tr=-ma]]: “a favour given”.^(Wiktionary)^(BDAG 2000)^(Etymonline) The verb comes from [[χάρις|tr=kháris|t=grace, favour]], related to [[χαίρω|tr=khaírō|t=to rejoice]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Philo uses it for the grace or favour of God.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000) BDAG notes a use in Alciphron that may come from Attic comedy, but most non-Jewish and non-Christian examples are late.^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the New Testament it is a gift of God's grace: Paul uses it for redemption, for eternal life, which he sets against the wages of sin, for the privileges of Israel, and above all for the varied gifts of the Spirit given to individual Christians.^(BDAG 2000)^(LSJ 1940) Later papyri use it generally for a favour bestowed.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|charisma]], and Classical Persian as ''karišma''.^(Wiktionary) English used ''charism'' from the 1640s and ''charisma'' from 1875 for a spiritual gift divinely conferred.^(Etymonline) Modern Greek [[m|el|χάρισμα|tr=chárisma]] is an inborn talent, and as an adverb means “free, for nothing”.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1st century BC – 1st century AD – Philo uses it for the grace of God.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 1st century AD – Paul uses it for the gifts of the Spirit.^(BDAG 2000)^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 4th century AD – A papyrus uses it for benefits bestowed.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 1875 – English borrows ''charisma''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|grace]], favour.^(LSJ 1940)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(New Testament)'' A gift of God's grace, especially a spiritual gift.^(BDAG 2000)^(LSJ 1940)

+ # ''(later)'' A favour or gift bestowed.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[χαρίζομαι|tr=kharízomai]]

+ * [[χάρις|tr=kháris]]

+ * [[χαίρω|tr=khaírō]]

+ * [[la|charisma]]

+ * [[en|charisma]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}