travel English · revision 2648

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1290}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈtræv.əl/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|travelen]], a variant of [[m|enm|travailen|t=to toil, labour; to make a journey]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD 2000) [[bor|fro|travailler]],^(AHD 2000) which also gave [[travail]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(COED 2004) The form arose from a shift of stress in travailen.^(Barnhart 1988) Word Origins traces it to [[la-lat|trepālium]], an instrument of torture made of three stakes.^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ “To make a journey”: about 1290^(OED 1989) or the 13th century,^(MWU 2024) first in the form travailen (1300);^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) travel as such is from 1375.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense development may have come from “to go on a difficult journey”, or simply reflect the hardship of any journey in the Middle Ages.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) The two forms were once interchangeable,^(Cresswell 2021) but travel, used in its special sense, has flourished while the old word faded.^(Etymonline) The Old English verb for travelling was faran, [[fare]].^(Etymonline) The noun, the action of travelling, is from about 1375,^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) and ''travels'', an account of a journey, from 1591.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) The general sense “to move from one place to another”, also in mechanics, is by the 1660s.^(Etymonline) Of a Methodist preacher, “to ride a circuit”, is from 1789,^(OED 1989) and of a commercial traveller from 1830.^(OED 1989) The travel agent is from 1925, and the travel agency from 1927.^(Barnhart 1988) Stevenson wrote in 1881 that it is better to travel hopefully than to arrive.^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1290 – to make a journey (as travailen).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1375 – the form travel.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1375 – noun, the act of travelling.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1591 – ''travels'', an account of a journey.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1660s – to move from place to place.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1830 – of a commercial traveller.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1925 – ''travel agent''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To go from one place to another, especially to a distant place; to [[journey]].^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # To go from place to place as a salesperson.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+ # Of light or sound, to move or be [[transmit|alt=transmitted]].^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # To pass over or through: ''travelled the world''.^(AHD)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of travelling.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+ # ''(plural)'' A series of journeys; an account of them.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+ # Movement of a part of a machine; the distance it moves.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[travelable]]

+ * [[traveler]]

+ * [[traveller]]

+ * [[outtravel]]

+ * [[untraveled]]

+ * [[pretravel]]

+ * [[travelogue]]

+ * [[adventure travel]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[travail]]

+ * [[fare]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}