forward English · revision 2573

15 Oct 2026, 14:26 by bogdan “New entries from the en10k word list (league … forward)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=before 900|origins=ang foreweard}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: UK /ˈfɔː.wəd/, US /ˈfɔːr.wɚd/^(Roach et al. 2011)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|enm|forward]], [[inh|ang|foreweard|t=toward the front; early; superior]], from [[fore-]] and [[-ward]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD 2000) or a variant of Old English [[m|ang|forþweard|t=onwards]], from [[forth]].^(Hoad 1986)^(SOED 2002)^(COED 2004) The adverb is from Old English [[m|ang|forewearde]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The adjective, toward the front: Old English ''foreweard'', before 900,^(Barnhart 1988) or about 900 in the sense “the front part of”.^(OED 1989) The adverb, about 875, in ''Genesis B''.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ The adverb meant “toward the future” in Old English and “toward the front, onward” from the 14th century.^(Hoad 1986) From the notion of being advanced in progress, the adjective came in early Modern English to mean “ready, prompt”, and by the 1560s, in a bad sense, “presumptuous, impertinent”.^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) The verb meant “to help forward, promote” from the 1590s^(Etymonline) or 1596,^(OED 1989) and “to send on to another destination” by 1757, later of email.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) The noun, a player in the front line, is from 1879.^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) The sense “toward the future” survives in phrases such as ''look forward to''.^(SOED 2002)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 875 – adverb (''Genesis B'').^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * before 900 – adjective.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * 14th century – toward the front.^(Hoad 1986)
+ * 1560s – presumptuous.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1596 – verb, to promote.^(OED 1989)
+ * 1757 – verb, to send on.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)
+ * 1879 – noun, a forward player.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Adverb===
+ # Toward the front; ahead.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)
+ # Into view or consideration: ''come forward''.^(AHD)
+ # In or toward the future.^(AHD)^(Hoad 1986)
+ 
+ ===Adjective===
+ # At, near or belonging to the front.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)
+ # Moving or directed toward the front.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)
+ # Ready, eager; too bold, [[presumptuous]].^(AHD)^(Etymonline)
+ # Advanced in development.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ===Verb===
+ # To send on to another address.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)
+ # To help advance; to [[promote]].^(AHD)^(OED 1989)
+ 
+ ===Noun===
+ # A player in the attacking line in football, basketball or hockey.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[forwardly]]
+ * [[forwardness]]
+ * [[forwardable]]
+ * [[unforwarded]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[fore]]
+ * [[forth]]
+ * [[-ward]]
+ * [[forwards]]
+ * [[froward]]
+ * [[toward]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}