outside English · revision 2529

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=1505}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˌaʊtˈsaɪd/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound, [[af|en|out|side]], the outer side.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The outer side or surface of something: 1505,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)^(HTOED) or about 1500 according to Etymonline;^(Etymonline) Merriam-Webster dates the noun to 1502.^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The position close to the outer side of something is recorded from 1503.^(OED 1989) The outer surface as what is seen, an outward appearance, is from 1592,^(OED 1989) and since 1660 it has also meant mere outward form as opposed to substance.^(OED 1989) The place beyond an enclosure or barrier is from the 1610s.^(Etymonline) In isolated parts of northern Canada and Alaska ''the outside'' meant the settled world from 1827,^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) and in prison and army slang the world outside the prison or army by 1903.^(Etymonline) The adjective is from 1634,^(Barnhart 1988)^(MW Collegiate) the adverb from 1813,^(Barnhart 1988)^(MW Collegiate) and the preposition from 1826.^(Barnhart 1988)^(MW Collegiate) ''Outside of'', “except”, is first recorded in 1859 as an Americanism.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) ''Outside chance'', “a slight chance”, is from 1845.^(Etymonline) ''Outsider'' is from 1800, in Jane Austen's letters.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1503 – a position close to the outer side.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1505 – the outer surface.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1592 – outward appearance.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1610s – the area beyond an enclosure.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1634 – adjective.^(Barnhart 1988)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1800 – ''outsider'' (Jane Austen).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1813 – adverb.^(Barnhart 1988)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1826 – preposition.^(Barnhart 1988)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1827 – the settled world, in the far north.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1859 – ''outside of'', except.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The outer side or surface; the [[exterior]].^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # The outward appearance of something.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+ # The space beyond a boundary or limit.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # The utmost limit: ''at the outside''.^(AHD)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # On or near the outer side; outer.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # Coming from or acting beyond certain limits: ''outside help''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # Slight, remote: ''an outside chance''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # On or to the outer side.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ # [[outdoors|alt=Outdoors]].^(AHD)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # On or to the outer side of.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ # Beyond the limits of.^(AHD)

+ # Except: ''outside of a few friends''.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[outsider]]

+ * [[outside of]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[inside]]

+ * [[out]]

+ * [[side]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In Devon dialect, ''outside of'' meant “with the exception of”.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}