list English · revision 2523

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /lɪst/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ {{homograph|1|catalogue}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1602 (Hamlet)|origins=gem-pro *listōn}}

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The catalogue is [[bor|fr|liste|t=list, roll; strip of paper]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(SOED 2002)^(MWU 2024) from Italian [[m|it|lista|t=band, strip; roll]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) which is of Germanic origin,^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024)^(AHD 2000) from the source of Old High German [[m|goh|lista|t=strip, border]] and English [[list#2]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Barnhart notes that the sense “list of names” arose in the Romance languages and came into English from French, not from the Old English word.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A list of names or items: 1602, in Shakespeare's ''Hamlet''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Etymonline explains the sense from the strips of paper used for such catalogues.^(Etymonline) The verb “to make a list of” appears in 1614, in Raleigh's ''History of the World''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) In the sense “to enrol, enlist” it is a shortening of ''enlist''.^(SOED 2002) ''List price'' is from 1871, and “to put property on the market” from 1904.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1602 – a catalogue (''Hamlet'').^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1614 – verb, to make a list of (Raleigh).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1871 – ''list price''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1904 – to list property.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A series of names, words or other items written or printed one after another.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # A considerable number: ''a long list of complaints''.^(AHD)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make a list of; to itemize.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # To enter in a list; to register.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # To have a stated list price: ''lists at $20''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ {{homograph|2|border; tournament ground}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 700 (Old English līste)|origins=gem-pro *listōn}}

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The border is [[inh|enm|liste]], [[inh|ang|līste|t=border, hem, edge]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002) from [[gem-pro|*listōn]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) which Etymonline traces to [[ine-pro|*leizd-|t=border, band]].^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) Its relatives include [[de|Leiste]], [[nl|lijst]] and Albanian [[m|sq|leth|t=border, edge]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) In the sense “tournament ground” it was influenced by Old French [[m|fro|lisse]], modern French [[m|fr|lice]].^(Hoad 1986)^(SOED 2002)^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A border or edging: Old English ''līste'', about 700.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Middle English form ''liste'' is found probably about 1280.^(Barnhart 1988) A boundary was a ''list'' from 1389 to 1644.^(HTOED) In the 14th century the ''lists'' were the barriers enclosing a tilting ground,^(Hoad 1986) and so the place of combat, which Etymonline explains as originally at the boundary of fields.^(Etymonline) ''Enter the lists'', “to take up a challenge”, is from the late 16th century.^(Cresswell 2021) The border of a woven cloth is recorded from 1433, and a stripe of colour from 1496.^(HTOED) The verb “to edge with list” is probably from before 1300.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 700 – Old English ''līste''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 14th century – the lists of a tournament.^(Hoad 1986)

+ * 1433 – the selvage of cloth.^(HTOED)

+ * late 16th century – ''enter the lists''.^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The border or [[selvage]] of a cloth.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # A narrow strip, especially of wood.^(AHD)

+ # ''(plural)'' The enclosed ground of a [[tournament]]; any arena of combat or controversy.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To edge with list.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ {{homograph|3|lean of a ship}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=1626 (lust, Captain John Smith)}}

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The lean of a ship is of unknown origin.^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002)^(MWU 2024)^(Cresswell 2021) It was spelled “lust” at first.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Etymonline and Klein suggest the old verb ''list'', “to desire, be inclined”, with the idea of leaning toward what one wants, but Barnhart notes that the spellings do not fit well.^(Etymonline)^(Klein 1966)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Of a ship, to lean to one side: 1626, in the form ''lust'', in the writings of Captain John Smith.^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The spelling ''list'' appears in 1880.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) The noun was ''lust'' in 1633 and ''list'' from 1793^(Barnhart 1988) or 1834.^(Etymonline) Buildings and other things are also said to list.^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1626 – ''lust'', of a ship.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1633 – noun, ''lust''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1880 – the spelling ''list''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To lean or tilt to one side, as a ship.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A tilt to one side.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[enlist]]

+ * [[listless]]

+ * [[listen]]

+ * [[lust]]

+ * [[selvage]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Two archaic verbs have the same spelling: ''list'', “to please, desire”, from Old English ''lystan'', related to ''lust'' and surviving in ''listless'',^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021) and ''list'', “to listen”, from Old English ''hlystan'', related to ''listen''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}