bring English · revision 2516

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 725, Beowulf (Old English bringan)|origins=gem-pro *brangjanan}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /brɪŋ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|bringen]], [[inh|ang|bringan|t=to bear, convey; to bring forth, produce]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD 2000) from [[gem-pro|*brangjanan]].^(Etymonline) It has no exact relatives outside Germanic, but is usually connected with Welsh [[m|cy|hebrwng|t=to accompany, conduct]] and traced to [[ine-pro|*bhrengk-]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) which Watkins bases on [[m|ine-pro|*bher-|t=to carry]];^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000) Boutkan, cited by Etymonline, suspects a word from a Germanic and Celtic substrate.^(Etymonline) Its relatives include [[de|bringen]] and [[nl|brengen]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Klein 1966)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To bear, convey, take along; to bring forth, produce: Old English ''bringan'', about 725, in ''Beowulf''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Old English past tense was ''brōhte'' and the participle ''brōht'', the ancestors of ''brought'';^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002) a rare strong participle ''brungen'' survives in dialect ''brung'', and ''brang'' was later formed on the model of ''ring, rang, rung''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) ''Bring forth'' is from about 1200, ''bring down'' from about 1300, and ''bring about'' and ''bring up'', “to rear”, from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline) “To persuade” is from 1516.^(HTOED) ''Bring down the house'', with applause, is from 1754, and ''bring up'', “to raise for discussion”, from 1875.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 725 – Old English ''bringan'' (''Beowulf'').^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1200 – ''bring forth''.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1300 – ''bring down''.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 14th century – ''bring about'', and ''bring up'', to rear.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1516 – to persuade.^(HTOED)

+ * 1754 – ''bring down the house''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1875 – ''bring up'', to raise a subject.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To take with oneself to a place.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # To carry as a contribution: ''brings experience''.^(AHD)

+ # To lead or force into a state or position.^(AHD)

+ # To persuade or induce.^(AHD)^(HTOED)

+ # To cause to happen as a result.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # To call to mind.^(AHD)

+ # To sell for; to fetch: ''brought a good price''.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bringer]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[brought]]

+ * [[take]]

+ * [[fetch]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The American Heritage Dictionary notes that in most American usage ''bring'' means motion toward the speaker or the point of reference, and ''take'' motion away from it.^(AHD)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}