hubris English · revision 2438

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈhjuːbɹɪs/ ''(UK)''; /ˈhjubɹɪs/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|ὕβρις|tr=húbris|t=wanton violence, insolence]],^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) a word of unknown origin.^(Barnhart 1995) Etymonline suggests a first element meaning “up, out”, and notes that the second is debated.^(Etymonline) The English word may also be a back-formation from ''hubristic'' (1831).^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Presumption, originally towards the gods; pride, excessive self-confidence (1884).^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(MW Collegiate)^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Greek the word meant outrageous, insolent behaviour, originally presumption towards the gods.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) English took it over in its 19th-century literary and academic sense of overweening pride.^(OED 1989)^(AHD) The spelling ''hybris'', closer to the Greek, began to appear in translations of Nietzsche around 1911.^(Etymonline)^(RHWU)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1831 – ''hubristic''.^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1884 – presumption, excessive pride.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(MW Collegiate)^(Etymonline)

+ * about 1911 – the spelling ''hybris''.^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Excessive pride or self-confidence; arrogance.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hubristic]]

+ * [[hubristically]]

+ * [[unhubristic]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nemesis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}