stoic English · revision 2408
15 Oct 2026, 06:50 by bogdan “New entry: etymology with cited sources” current version
Initial text
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /ˈstəʊɪk/ ''(UK)''; /ˈstoʊɪk/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|enm|Stoic]],^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate) [[bor|la|Stōicus]],^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) [[der|grc|Στωϊκός|tr=Stōïkós|t=of the portico]],^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) from ''Stoà Poikílē'' “the Painted Porch”, the hall in Athens where the philosopher Zeno taught.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ A member of the school of philosophy founded by Zeno about 300 BCE (1382).^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ The Stoics taught that people should be free from passion and accept calmly whatever happens.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) From 1579 the word was applied to anyone who represses emotion and bears pain or hardship patiently,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) and the adjective followed in 1596.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995) Old English had a plural ''Stoices'', and Middle English used ''Stoiciens''.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 1382 – a Stoic philosopher.^(OED 1989)
+ * 1579 – a person who represses emotion and endures patiently.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)
+ * 1596 – adjective, unmoved by pleasure or pain.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)
+ * 1607 – adjective, of the Stoic school.^(OED 1989)
+
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A person who seems unaffected by joy, grief, pleasure or pain.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(capitalized)'' A member of the Greek school of philosophy founded by Zeno.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Enduring pain or hardship without showing feeling; impassive.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(capitalized)'' Relating to the Stoics or their doctrines.^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[stoically]]
+ * [[stoicalness]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[stoical]]
+ * [[stoicism]]
+ * [[stoa]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}