κιννάμωμον Ancient Greek · revision 2336

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=5th century BC, Herodotus|origins=phn}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /kin.ná.mɔː.mon/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /cinˈna.mo.mon/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /cinˈna.mo.mon/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''κῐννᾰ́μωμον''' (kinnámōmon) ''n'' (genitive κῐννᾰμώμου); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Also κινάμωμον; later κίνναμον (Nicander, Pliny).^(Beekes 2010)^(LSJ 1940)^(Rosół 2013)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a Semitic loanword: Herodotus says that the Greeks learned the name from the Phoenicians, [[bor|phn|-]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)^(Rosół 2013) Compare [[he|קִנָּמוֹן|tr=qinnāmôn|t=cinnamon]], which the Septuagint renders with it.^(Beekes 2010)^(Rosół 2013) The ending was shaped after [[ἄμωμον|tr=ámōmon]], another spice plant, or by folk etymology after [[ἄμωμος|tr=ámōmos|t=blameless]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Herodotus describes it among the spices of Arabia, and tells how the dry sticks “which we call κινάμωμον, having learned the word from the Phoenicians” were gathered.^(Rosół 2013)^(CGL 2021)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Theophrastus says that the aromatics came partly from India and partly from Arabia, cinnamon and cassia among them.^(Rosół 2013)^(LSJ 1940) It is usually identified as a superior kind of cassia, Cinnamomum cassia, though Hennig argued that it was some other fragrant substance.^(LSJ 1940)^(Beekes 2010) Aristotle names a fabulous Indian bird after it, said to build its nest from cinnamon twigs.^(LSJ 1940)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Inscriptions and papyri of the 3rd century BC record it.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000) The Septuagint uses it for the Hebrew word, and the Revelation of John lists it.^(Rosół 2013)^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus describes cinnamon and says the word came from the Phoenicians.^(Rosół 2013)^(Beekes 2010)

+ * 4th century BC – Aristotle names the cinnamon bird, and Antiphanes has κινναμώμινος “made with cinnamon”.^(LSJ 1940)^(Beekes 2010)^(DGE)

+ * 3rd century BC – an inscription from Didyma and papyri record it.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 1st century AD – the Revelation of John lists it.^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|cinnamon]], a superior kind of [[m|en|cassia]] (''Cinnamomum cassia'').^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The cinnamon bird, a fabulous Indian bird.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[κίνναμον|tr=kínnamon]]

+ * [[κινναμώμινος|tr=kinnamṓminos]]

+ * [[κινναμολόγος|tr=kinnamológos]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|cinnamon]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}