ψαλμός Ancient Greek · revision 2299

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=6th–5th century BC, Pindar|origins=grc ψάλλω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /psal.mós/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /psalˈmos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /psalˈmos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ψᾰλμός''' (psalmós) ''m'' (genitive ψᾰλμοῦ); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is derived from [[ψάλλω|tr=psállō|t=to pluck a string]] with the suffix -μός.^(Wiktionary)^(Beekes 2010)^(Πάπυρος) ψάλλω itself has no etymology and is probably Pre-Greek, according to Beekes.^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Pindar, Aeschylus and Phrynichus the tragedian use it for the twanging of a string and the sound of the lyre or harp.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Euripides uses it for the twang of a bowstring and for a love song to the lyre, and Telestes for the plucking of the strings.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) Inscriptions from Chios and Teos of the 2nd century BC record contests in harp-playing.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ In the Septuagint it became a song of praise sung to the harp, a psalm, and the Book of Psalms; the New Testament uses it only in that sense, for the Psalms of David and for Christian songs, as in “psalms and hymns and spiritual songs”.^(LSJ 1940)^(Lust 2003)^(BDAG 2000) Modern Greek [[m|el|ψαλμός|tr=psalmós]] is a learned word for a psalm or church chant, with the phrase “a short psalm, alleluia” for something done quickly.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)^(Πάπυρος) It was borrowed as [[la|psalmus]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Pindar uses it for the sound of the lyre.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century BC – Euripides uses it for the twang of a bowstring.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)^(DGE)

+ * 2nd century BC – inscriptions from Chios and Teos record contests in harp-playing.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * Septuagint – a song of praise, a psalm.^(Lust 2003)^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 1st century AD – the New Testament speaks of the “book of Psalms”.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+ * Modern Greek – ψαλμός “psalm, chant”.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A twitching or [[m|en|twang|alt=twanging]], of a bowstring or of musical strings.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # The sound of the [[m|en|cithara]] or [[m|en|harp]]; harp-playing.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # A song sung to the harp.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(Septuagint, New Testament)'' A song of praise, a [[m|en|psalm]].^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ψαλμοχαρής|tr=psalmokharḗs]]

+ * [[ψαλμῳδία|tr=psalmōidíā]]

+ * [[ψαλμῳδός|tr=psalmōidós]]

+ * [[ψαλτήριον|tr=psaltḗrion]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ψάλλω|tr=psállō]]

+ * [[en|psalm]]

+ * [[en|psaltery]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}