ᾠδή Ancient Greek · revision 2298

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Homeric Hymns|origins=grc ἀείδω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /ɔːi̯.dɛ̌ː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /oˈði/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /oˈði/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ᾠδή''' (ōidḗ) ''f'' (genitive ᾠδῆς); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Contracted from [[ἀοιδή|tr=aoidḗ]], the form used by Homer and Aeschylus.^(LSJ 1940)^(Πάπυρος)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the Attic contraction of [[ἀοιδή|tr=aoidḗ|t=song]], from [[ἀείδω|tr=aeídō|t=to sing]].^(LSJ 1940)^(Πάπυρος)^(Wiktionary) Beekes notes that the ablaut of ἀείδω points to an Indo-European [[ine-pro|*h₂weyd-|t=to sing]], but no cognate outside Greek is known.^(Beekes 2010) [[αὐδή|tr=audḗ|t=voice]] and [[ἀηδών|tr=aēdṓn|t=nightingale]] are compared.^(Beekes 2010)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The contracted form first appears in the Homeric Hymns to Apollo and to Demeter, for a song.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In tragedy it is used of dirges (Sophocles, Euripides) and of joyful songs, such as a victory song or songs of praise.^(LSJ 1940)^(Πάπυρος) Plato uses it often: songs sung to the cithara, lyric poetry beside other poetry, the sung part of a work as opposed to its diction.^(LSJ 1940) Stesichorus' poems on Helen and the songs of particular trades were called ᾠδαί.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ Later it meant singing, also of birds (Aristotle), a magic song or spell (Longus), and, by metonymy, a string of the lyre (Timotheus).^(LSJ 1940)^(Πάπυρος) In the New Testament it is a sacred song, as in “psalms and hymns and spiritual songs”, and the “new song” of Revelation.^(BDAG 2000) In the Byzantine liturgy an ode is a group of hymns in the same metre, a sense that Modern Greek [[m|el|ωδή|tr=odí]] keeps beside “ode, lyric poem”.^(Πάπυρος)^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ English [[m|en|ode]] (1580s) comes from it through French and Late Latin.^(Etymonline) Many Greek compounds end in it, among them [[τραγῳδία|tr=tragōidía]], [[κωμῳδία|tr=kōmōidía]], [[μελῳδία|tr=melōidía]] and [[ῥαψῳδία|tr=rhapsōidía]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homeric Hymns – ᾠδή “song”.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 5th century BC – Sophocles and Euripides use it of dirges and of victory songs.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 5th–4th century BC – Plato uses it for lyric poetry and song.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 4th century BC – Aristotle uses it of birdsong.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 1st century AD – the New Testament uses it of sacred songs.^(BDAG 2000)

+ * 1580s – English ''ode''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|song]], lay, [[m|en|ode]]; a dirge or a song of praise.^(LSJ 1940)^(Πάπυρος)

+ # Lyric poetry; the sung part as opposed to the spoken.^(LSJ 1940)

+ # Singing; the song of birds.^(LSJ 1940)

+ # A magic song, a [[m|en|spell]].^(LSJ 1940)^(Πάπυρος)

+ # ''(by metonymy)'' A string of the lyre.^(LSJ 1940)

+ # ''(New Testament)'' A sacred song, a song of praise to God.^(BDAG 2000)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ἐπῳδή|tr=epōidḗ]]

+ * [[ἐπῳδός|tr=epōidós]]

+ * [[κιθαρῳδία|tr=kitharōidía]]

+ * [[κωμῳδία|tr=kōmōidíā]]

+ * [[μελῳδία|tr=melōidíā]]

+ * [[μονῳδία|tr=monōidía]]

+ * [[παλινῳδία|tr=palinōidía]]

+ * [[παρῳδία|tr=parōidíā]]

+ * [[προσῳδία|tr=prosōidíā]]

+ * [[ῥαψῳδία|tr=rhapsōidíā]]

+ * [[συνῳδία|tr=sunōidía]]

+ * [[ᾠδικός|tr=ōidikós]]

+ * [[ᾠδεῖον|tr=ōideîon]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἀείδω|tr=aeídō]]

+ * [[ἀοιδός|tr=aoidós]]

+ * [[en|ode]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}