χολέρα Ancient Greek · revision 2294

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=5th century BC, Hippocrates|origins=grc χολή}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /kʰo.lé.ra/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /xoˈle.ra/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /xoˈle.ra/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''χολέρᾰ''' (kholéra) ''f'' (genitive χολέρᾱς); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Ionic χολέρη, also χολέρρη.^(LSJ 1940)^(Frisk 1960)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a medical term, formed like [[ὑστέρα|tr=hustéra]] and the disease names [[ἴκτερος|tr=íkteros|t=jaundice]] and [[ὕδερος|tr=húderos|t=dropsy]], perhaps a noun made from an unattested adjective *χολερός with a shift of accent.^(Frisk 1960)^(Wiktionary)^(Πάπυρος) For formal reasons its base is more likely [[χολή|tr=kholḗ|t=bile]], as Celsus said, than [[χολάς|tr=kholás|t=guts]], as Alexander of Tralles thought.^(Frisk 1960)^(LSJ 1940) Wiktionary, following Beekes, does not rule out a Pre-Greek origin.^(Frisk 1960)^(LSJ 1940)^(Wiktionary) The comparison with [[sga|galar|t=sickness]] is rejected.^(Frisk 1960)^(Πάπυρος)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Hippocratic writers use it for a disease in which the humours were violently discharged by vomiting and diarrhoea, and “dry cholera” for an obstinate obstruction.^(LSJ 1940)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Aretaeus also uses it.^(LSJ 1940) In the Septuagint it means nausea or disgust: “it shall be nausea to you” (Numbers).^(LSJ 1940)^(Lust 2003) Hesychius records it also as a pipe for water, the same as χολέδρα.^(LSJ 1940)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ Modern Greek [[m|el|χολέρα|tr=choléra]] is the epidemic disease, also a disease of poultry, and an insult for a very ill-tempered woman.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)^(Πάπυρος) It was borrowed as [[la|cholera]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 5th century BC – the Hippocratic writers describe cholera.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 2nd century AD – Aretaeus uses it.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * Septuagint – “nausea”.^(LSJ 1940)^(Lust 2003)

+ * Modern Greek – χολέρα, the epidemic disease.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(medicine)'' [[m|en|cholera]], a disease with violent vomiting and [[m|en|diarrhoea]].^(LSJ 1940)^(Frisk 1960)

+ # ''(with ξηρή)'' Obstinate obstruction of the bowels.^(LSJ 1940)^(Frisk 1960)

+ # [[m|en|nausea]], disgust.^(LSJ 1940)^(Lust 2003)

+ # A pipe that carries water, the same as χολέδρα.^(LSJ 1940)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[χολερικός|tr=kholerikós]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[χολή|tr=kholḗ]]

+ * [[en|cholera]]

+ * [[en|choleric]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}