σαλαμάνδρα Ancient Greek · revision 2289

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=4th century BC, Aristotle}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /sa.la.mán.dra/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /sa.laˈman.dra/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /sa.laˈman.dra/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾰ''' (salamándra) ''f'' (genitive σᾰλᾰμᾰ́νδρᾱς); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is unknown.^(Frisk 1960)^(Πάπυρος) Beekes suggests that, given its non-Indo-European structure, it may be Pre-Greek, like [[σαύρα|tr=saúra|t=lizard]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) A connection with σαλάμβη “chimney” is unlikely.^(Πάπυρος)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Aristotle mentions it as proof that some animals cannot be burned: the salamander was believed to put out fire.^(Πάπυρος)^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Theophrastus, in his work on fire, and Aelian repeat the belief that it quenches fire.^(LSJ 1940) Dioscorides and Philumenus also describe it, and Nicander has the adjective σαλαμάνδρειος.^(LSJ 1940)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Medieval Greek knew it from the ''Physiologus'', and a church law forbade eating the “unclean reptile called salamander”.^(Kriaras) Modern Greek [[m|el|σαλαμάνδρα|tr=salamándra]], also σαλαμάντρα, names the amphibian and, after French salamandre, a kind of stove.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)^(Πάπυρος)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4th century BC – Aristotle says the salamander puts out fire.^(Πάπυρος)^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 4th–3rd century BC – Theophrastus repeats it.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 1st century AD – Dioscorides mentions it.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * Modern Greek – σαλαμάνδρα, also “stove”.^(Πάπυρος)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|salamander]], a kind of [[m|en|newt]] believed to put out fire.^(LSJ 1940)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[σαλαμάνδρειος|tr=salamándreios]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[σαύρα|tr=saúra]]

+ * [[en|salamander]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}