ῥίς Ancient Greek · revision 2266

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=Homer, Iliad}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /r̥ǐːs/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈris/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈris/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ῥῑ́ς''' (rhī́s) ''f'' (genitive ῥῑνός); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is unknown.^(Frisk 1960)^(Beekes 2010) The word replaced the old Indo-European name of the nose, seen in [[la|nārēs]] and [[m|la|nāsus]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960) It is formed like [[ἴς|tr=ís]] and [[θίς|tr=thís]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ Meier-Brügger's reconstruction [[ine-pro|*sr-ih₂-n-]], from a root for “top, point” seen in [[hit|šer|t=above]], is interesting but not compelling, and Frisk calls Hamp's comparison with [[sga|srón|t=nose]] arbitrary.^(Frisk 1960) Beekes thinks the word may well be Pre-Greek.^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)^(Πάπυρος)

+

+ Aristarchus derived it from [[ῥέω|tr=rhéō]] “to flow”, because the surplus fluids of the head flow out through the nose, and wanted to spell it with ⟨ει⟩, a spelling the manuscript tradition does not know.^(Etygram)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Homer uses the singular for the nose and the plural for the nostrils or the nose as a whole.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Classical prose uses it for the nose or snout of people and animals (Herodotus, Aristophanes, Plato); “to lead someone by the nose” is in Lucian.^(LSJ 1940) An inscription from Halaesa in Sicily probably uses it for the brow of a hill or a projecting spur of land.^(LSJ 1940) A later nominative ῥίν appears in Aretaeus and Lucian, and in Soranus it names a bandage.^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ Medieval Greek used it for the nose, a bird's beak and the nostrils, and for the nose-guard of a helmet; the form ρίνα is still Cretan.^(Kriaras) The Modern Greek word for the nose is [[el|μύτη|tr=mýti]], but ρίνα and the combining form ρινο- live on in learned and medical words such as ρινικός.^(Etygram)^(Πάπυρος)^(Wiktionary) [[en|rhino-]] comes from the same combining form.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – the nose; in the plural, the nostrils.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus writes of cutting off a nose.^(LSJ 1940)^(Πάπυρος)^(DGE)

+ * 2nd century AD – Lucian has “to lead by the nose”, and Aretaeus the nominative ῥίν.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)

+ * 5th century AD (probably) – Hesychius glosses it with ῥίν and ῥώθων.^(Hesychius)^(DGE)

+ * Medieval Greek – the nose, a bird's beak, the nose-guard of a helmet.^(Kriaras)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|nose]] or [[m|en|snout]] of people and animals.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(plural)'' The [[m|en|nostril|alt=nostrils]]; the nose.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # ''(probably)'' The brow of a hill, a projecting spur of land.^(LSJ 1940)

+ # ''(medicine, in the form ῥίν)'' A kind of [[m|en|bandage]].^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ῥινόκερως|tr=rhīnókerōs]]

+ * [[εὔρις|tr=eúris]]

+ * [[ῥινηλατέω|tr=rhinēlatéō]]

+ * [[ῥινάω|tr=rhináō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἀνάρρινον|tr=anárrhīnon]]

+ * [[ἀντίρρινον|tr=antírrhīnon]]

+ * [[ἄρρινον|tr=árrinon]]

+ * [[ἔρρινον|tr=érrhīnon]]

+ * [[εὐθύρινος|tr=euthúrinos]]

+ * [[εὔρινος|tr=eúrinos]]

+ * [[ῥινουλκέω|tr=rhinoulkéō]]

+ * [[en|rhinoceros]]

+ * [[en|rhino-]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}