γυμνός Ancient Greek · revision 2221

15 Oct 2026, 03:38 by bogdan “Remove details not stated in the cited sources” current version
Changes in this edit

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
  
  ==Earliest recorded meaning==
− Homer uses it both for “naked” and for “unarmed”: Odysseus comes naked out of the thicket in the ''Odyssey'', and in the ''Iliad'' Hector fears that Achilles will kill him unarmed.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE) A bow taken out of its case is also “naked”.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(LSJ 1940)
+ Homer uses it both for “naked” and for “unarmed”: Odysseus is naked in the ''Odyssey'', and in the ''Iliad'' a warrior fears being killed unarmed.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE) A bow taken out of its case is also “naked”.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(LSJ 1940)
  
  ==Semantic evolution==
  Often “naked” meant only lightly dressed, wearing the undergarment without the cloak: Hesiod tells the farmer to sow, plough and reap “naked”, and so it is used in Aristophanes and Plato.^(LSJ 1940)^(DGE)^(CGL 2021) Pindar has the “naked” foot race, as against the race in armour.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) Herodotus uses it of nude statues,^(CGL 2021) and Thucydides calls the parts of a soldier not covered by armour, especially the right side, τὰ γυμνά.^(LSJ 1940) With a genitive it means stripped of something: Plato speaks of the soul “naked of the body”.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000) From the habit of exercising naked came [[γυμνάζω|tr=gumnázō]] and [[γυμνάσιον|tr=gumnásion]].^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)
  
− In later prose it is used of bare facts and plain words, in Diodorus and Lucian.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000) The Septuagint uses it of Adam and Eve, and the New Testament of the young man who fled naked in Mark and, figuratively, of everything lying bare before God and of the soul without its body.^(Lust 2003)^(BDAG 2000)
+ In later prose it is used of bare facts and plain words, in Diodorus and Lucian.^(LSJ 1940)^(BDAG 2000) The Septuagint uses it in Genesis, and the New Testament of the young man who fled naked in Mark and, figuratively, of everything lying bare before God and of the soul without its body.^(Lust 2003)^(BDAG 2000)
  
  Medieval vernacular Greek had the forms ''γδυμνός'' and ''εγδυμνός'', and used the word for unarmed, barren, poor, deprived of something, and of a drawn sword.^(Kriaras) Modern Greek [[m|el|γυμνός|tr=gymnós]] means naked or scantily dressed, and also bare, as of a room; as a noun, το γυμνό is the nude in art.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)^(Πάπυρος)