dudgeon English · revision 2167

15 Oct 2026, 02:53 by bogdan “Redone from scratch with separate homographs” current version
Changes in this edit

@@ -1,27 +1,32 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=1573 (duggin)}}
+ 
  ==Pronunciation==
− * IPA: /ˈdʌd͡ʒən/^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA: /ˈdʌdʒ.ən/^(Roach et al. 2011)
  
  ==Etymology==
− The origin is unknown.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) It was first spelled ''duggin''.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) Etymonline mentions a suggestion that it comes from Italian ''aduggiare'' “to overshadow”, which would parallel [[umbrage]];^(Etymonline) a Welsh source has also been proposed but is rejected by the OED.^(Etymonline) There is no clear link to the older word ''dudgeon'', a kind of wood used for knife and dagger handles.^(Etymonline)^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)
+ It is of unknown origin.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)^(COED 2004) Etymonline mentions the suggestion of [[it|aduggiare|t=to overshadow]], which would parallel [[umbrage]];^(Etymonline) a Celtic source such as Welsh dygen “malice, resentment” has also been proposed, but the OED considers it historically impossible.^(Etymonline) Barnhart compares the endings of [[bludgeon]] and [[curmudgeon]].^(Barnhart 1988)
  
  ==Earliest recorded meaning==
− A feeling of anger, resentment or offence, almost always in the phrase ''in dudgeon'' (1573).^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(MW Collegiate)^(Etymonline)
+ A feeling of anger, resentment or offence, recorded as ''duggin'' in 1573.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)
  
  ==Semantic evolution==
− From the start the word was used mainly in set phrases, especially ''in high dudgeon'',^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Wiktionary) and it still carries a note of offended, sullen indignation.^(AHD)^(Wiktionary) An adjective meaning “resentful” (1589) is obsolete.^(OED 1989) The unrelated ''dudgeon'' of the 15th century named a wood, perhaps boxwood, used for dagger hilts, and then the dagger itself.^(MW Collegiate)^(OED 1989)^(AHD)
+ The spelling ''dudgeon'' is first recorded in 1599.^(Barnhart 1988) The word is almost always used in the phrase ''in dudgeon'', especially ''in high dudgeon'',^(OED 1989)^(SOED 2002) and as an adjective meant “resentful, ill-humoured” (1589).^(OED 1989)
  
  ==Timeline==
− * 15th century – ''dudgeon'', a wood for dagger hilts (separate word).^(MW Collegiate)
− * 1573 – anger, resentment.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(MW Collegiate)
+ * 1573 – ''duggin'', resentment.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)
  * 1589 – adjective, resentful (obsolete).^(OED 1989)
− * 1859 – verb, to be in dudgeon (rare).^(OED 1989)
+ * 1599 – the spelling ''dudgeon''.^(Barnhart 1988)
  
  ==Modern meaning==
  ===Noun===
− # A state of sullen anger or resentment, especially in the phrase ''in high dudgeon''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+ # A sullen, angry or indignant mood: ''in high dudgeon''.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)
  
  ==Related words==
  * [[umbrage]]
− * [[pique]]
+ * [[bludgeon]]
+ * [[curmudgeon]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ An older, unrelated ''dudgeon'' (15th century) was a kind of wood, perhaps boxwood, used for the handles of knives and daggers, and then a dagger with such a hilt;^(OED 1989)^(SOED 2002)^(AHD) it is perhaps from Anglo-Norman ''digeon''.^(SOED 2002)^(MWU 2024)
  
  ==References==