bogey English · revision 2122

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bəʊɡi/ ''(UK)''; /boʊɡi/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably an alteration of [[bogle]],^(MW Collegiate)^(AHD) a Scottish word for a ghost,^(Etymonline) and so is related to [[bogy]], [[bogeyman]] and Middle English ''bugge'' “frightening spectre”.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1995)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A spectre or phantom (1826).^(MW Collegiate) ''Bogey'' as a name for the Devil is recorded in 1836.^(Barnhart 1995)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In golf (by 1892) ''bogey'' was a score set as the standard for each hole, imagined as a phantom opponent,^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1995) supposedly inspired by the music-hall song “Hush, Hush, Hush, Here Comes the Bogey Man”.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1995) English golfers spoke of playing against “Colonel Bogey”.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1995) In American golf the word shifted to mean one stroke over par (1946),^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995) probably from the idea of losing holes to Bogey.^(Barnhart 1995) In the Second World War airmen used ''bogey'' for an unidentified and presumably hostile aircraft.^(Etymonline)^(RHWU) The verb, to play a hole one over par, dates from 1948.^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1826 – a spectre or phantom.^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1836 – ''Bogey'', the Devil.^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1892 – in golf, the standard score for a hole.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1946 – one stroke over par (US).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1948 – verb, to play a hole in one over par.^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * World War II – an unidentified aircraft.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An evil or mischievous spirit; a goblin.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Something that causes fear or annoyance; a bugbear.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(golf)'' One stroke over par on a hole.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(golf, chiefly British)'' A standard score for a hole or course.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # An unidentified aircraft, especially one assumed to be hostile.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(slang)'' A police officer or detective.^(AHD)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(golf)'' To play a hole in one stroke over par.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bogeyman]]

+ * [[double bogey]]

+ * [[triple bogey]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bogle]]

+ * [[bogy]]

+ * [[bug]]

+ * [[bugbear]]

+ * [[boggart]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}