together English · revision 2032

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited, compound|attested=707 (Old English tōgædere)}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /təˈɡeð.ə/, US /təˈɡeð.ɚ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|togedere]], [[inh|ang|tōgædere]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) a compound, [[af|ang|tō|gædere|t1=to|t2=together]],^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(Chambers 2008) the second part apparently a variant of [[m|ang|geador|t=together]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[gem-pro|*gaduri-|t=in a body]],^(Etymonline) from [[ine-pro|*ghedh-|t=to unite, join, fit]].^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000) It is related to [[gather]] and to Old English [[m|ang|gæd|t=fellowship]].^(Hoad 1986)^(SOED 2002)^(Barnhart 1988) Its cognates include [[ofs|togadera]], [[dum|tegadere]], [[gml|tōgadere]] and [[gmh|gater|t=together]].^(SOED 2002)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) The d became th in late Middle English, as in [[father]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(RHWU)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Into one place or company, in a group or mass: Old English ''tōgædere'', first recorded in 707.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of single things, “so as to be joined or unified” is from about 1300.^(Etymonline) The word was also used without real meaning to translate Latin ''con-'', as in Wycliffe's “þei sholn beten togidere þeir swordis in to shares” (Latin ''conflabunt'').^(Etymonline) A form with adverbial genitive, ''togethers'', lasted through the 16th century.^(Etymonline) The sense “in agreement, in harmony” dates from 1502,^(HTOED) and “taken all together” from 1849.^(HTOED) The adjective “self-assured, free of emotional problems” is American slang, dated 1963 by Merriam-Webster^(MW Collegiate)^(MWU 2024) and 1966 by Barnhart and Etymonline.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 707 – Old English ''tōgædere''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * before 1160 – ''togedere'' (Peterborough Chronicle).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1300 – of single things, joined into one.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1502 – in agreement.^(HTOED)

+ * 16th century – ''togethers'' last used.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1849 – taken all together.^(HTOED)

+ * 1963 – adjective, self-assured.^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1966 – adjective (Barnhart, Etymonline).^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Into or in one group, mass or place.^(AHD)^(Hoad 1986)

+ # Into contact or union: ''glue the pieces together''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # With one another; by [[joint]] effort.^(AHD)

+ # Taken as a whole; in total.^(AHD)^(HTOED)

+ # At the same time; [[simultaneously]].^(AHD)

+ # In [[harmony]] or agreement.^(AHD)^(HTOED)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(slang)'' Emotionally stable and capable; well organized.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[togetherness]]

+ * [[untogether]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gather]]

+ * [[altogether]]

+ * [[good]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The AHD notes that ''together with'' does not change the number of the verb, which agrees with the subject: ''the king, together with two aides, is expected''.^(AHD)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}