five English · revision 2030

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1000 (Old English fīf)|origins=ine-pro *penkʷe}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /faɪv/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|five]], [[inh|ang|fīf]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) the modern form continuing the inflected Old English [[m|ang|fīfe]],^(Hoad 1986) from [[gem-pro|*fimfi]] or [[m|gem-pro|*fimfe]],^(Hoad 1986)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) whose ''m'' was lost in Old English, Old Frisian and Old Saxon by a regular change, as in [[tooth]].^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) Its Germanic cognates are [[ofs|fīf]], [[osx|fīf]], [[nl|vijf]], [[goh|fimf]] (modern [[de|fünf]]), [[non|fimm]], and Gothic has fimf.^(Barnhart 1988)^(SOED 2002) It comes from [[ine-pro|*penkʷe|t=five]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD 2000) which also gave [[la|quīnque]], [[grc|πέντε|tr=pénte]], [[sga|cóic]], [[cy|pump]] and [[lt|penki]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Klein 1966)^(Hoad 1986) In Latin and Old Irish the first consonant was assimilated to the second.^(Klein 1966)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The number one more than four: Old English ''fīf'', recorded about 1000;^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Middle English ''five'' appears before 1175.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Besides the number, ''five'' came to name a card or domino with five pips (1674),^(HTOED) a five-pound note (1836),^(HTOED) and a hit for five runs in cricket (1859).^(HTOED) The game ''fives'', a kind of handball, takes its name from the plural.^(Klein 1966)^(AHD) The American ''five-and-ten'' (1880) named a shop selling goods at five and ten cents.^(Etymonline) A ''five-star'' hotel is from 1913 and a five-star general from 1945;^(Etymonline) the first ''five-year plan'' was Soviet, of 1928, and ''five o'clock shadow'' is attested by 1937.^(Etymonline) The slang ''five-finger discount'' “theft” is from 1966.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1000 – Old English ''fīf''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * before 1175 – ''five''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1674 – a card or domino with five pips.^(HTOED)

+ * 1836 – a five-pound note.^(HTOED)

+ * 1880 – ''five-and-ten''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1913 – ''five-star'', of hotels.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1928 – ''five-year plan''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1937 – ''five o'clock shadow''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1966 – ''five-finger discount''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # The [[cardinal number]] equal to four plus one (5).^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The fifth in a set or sequence.^(AHD)

+ # A group of five, such as a [[basketball]] team.^(AHD)

+ # A five-dollar or five-pound note.^(AHD)^(HTOED)

+ # ''(fives)'' A form of [[handball]] played chiefly at British schools.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fifth]]

+ * [[fifteen]]

+ * [[fifty]]

+ * [[quinque-]]

+ * [[penta-]]

+ * [[punch]]

+ * [[finger]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}