jingoism English · revision 1964

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɪŋɡəʊɪz(ə)m/ ''(UK)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[jingo]] “a belligerent patriot” and [[-ism]].^(Etymonline)^(RHWU) ''Jingo'' comes from the oath ''by Jingo'' in the refrain of a music-hall song of 1878 written by G. W. Hunt:^(Etymonline)^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate) “We don't want to fight, but by Jingo! if we do, We've got the ships, we've got the men, We've got the money too.”^(Etymonline) The oath itself (1694) is probably a euphemism for ''by Jesus'',^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(MW Collegiate) perhaps influenced by a conjurer's call ''hey jingo'' (1660s).^(Barnhart 1995)^(RHWU)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The policy or practices of the jingoes (1878).^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1878 Britain was in a crisis with Russia, and the song became the anthem of supporters of Disraeli's policy of sending a fleet into Turkish waters.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(RHWU) The ''Daily News'' mockingly dubbed them ''Jingoes'' in March 1878,^(Etymonline) and ''jingoism'' followed in the same year.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate) The word now means any loud, aggressive nationalism, especially in foreign policy.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1660s – ''hey jingo'', a conjurer's call.^(Etymonline)^(RHWU)

+ * 1694 – ''by jingo'', an oath.^(Barnhart 1995)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1878 – ''jingo'', a supporter of a warlike policy.^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1878 – ''jingoism''.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1884 – ''jingoist'', ''jingoistic''.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Extreme, aggressive nationalism, especially in favour of a warlike foreign policy; chauvinistic patriotism.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[jingoist]]

+ * [[jingoistic]]

+ * [[jingoistically]]

+ * [[jingoish]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[jingo]]

+ * [[chauvinism]]

+ * [[flag-waving]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}