cylindrical English · revision 1882

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1646|origins=grc κύλινδρος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sɪˈlɪndɹɪkəl/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[cylindric]] and [[-al]],^(Etymonline)^(SOED 2002)^(RHWU) from [[la-new|cylindricus]],^(RHWU)^(Klein 1966) from [[grc|κυλινδρικός|tr=kulindrikós]],^(Etymonline)^(Klein 1966)^(MWU 2024) from [[m|grc|κύλινδρος|tr=kúlindros|t=cylinder, roller]] (see [[cylinder]]).^(Etymonline)^(Klein 1966)^(MWU 2024) Merriam-Webster Unabridged also allows that the shorter form came through [[fr|cylindrique]].^(MWU 2024)^(Webster's Third 1961) Etymonline notes that the form in -al (1640s) is recorded before the shorter one (1680s).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Having the shape of a cylinder (1646).^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate)^(HTOED)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Soon after the first record it was also used more broadly of anything pertaining to a cylinder (1656).^(OED 1989)^(HTOED) Specialised terms followed, such as ''cylindrical projection'', a map projection made by projecting a sphere onto a cylinder that is then unrolled.^(OED 1989)^(SOED 2002) In mathematics it describes a coordinate system that combines polar coordinates in a plane with a coordinate measured perpendicular to it.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1646 – having the form of a cylinder.^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate)^(MWU 2024)

+ * 1656 – relating to a cylinder.^(OED 1989)^(HTOED)

+ * 1680s – ''cylindric''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Shaped like a [[cylinder]], especially a circular one.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(Collins 2023)

+ # Of or relating to a cylinder.^(OED 1989)^(SOED 2002)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' Of a [[coordinate]] system made of two [[polar coordinates]] in a plane and a third coordinate measured at right angles to it.^(AHD)

+ # Of a map [[projection]] in which the meridians and parallels become straight lines.^(Wiktionary)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cylindricality]]

+ * [[cylindrically]]

+ * [[semicylindrical]]

+ * [[subcylindrical]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cylinder]]

+ * [[calender]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}