nudus Latin · revision 18173

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *nogʷ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈnuː.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈnuː.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nūdus''' (feminine nūda, neuter nūdum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*nowoþo-|t=naked]], [[inh|ine-pro|*nogʷ-|t=naked]], from a root adjective that took different suffixes in the different languages.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan follows Schrijver in deriving the Latin form through ⟨*nogʷoþo-⟩ > ⟨*nowodo-⟩ > ⟨*noodo-⟩ > ⟨nūdus⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) L&S explained it as standing for ⟨*nugdus⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Cognate with [[sga|nocht]], [[cy|noeth]], [[sa|नग्न|tr=nagná]], [[grc|γυμνός|tr=gumnós]], [[lt|núogas]], [[cu|нагъ|tr=nagŭ]], [[got|𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌸𐍃|tr=naqaþs]] and [[ang|nacod]], all “naked”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''pulchra mulier nūda erit quam purpurāta pulchrior'', “a beautiful woman will be more beautiful naked than dressed in purple”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Nūdus'' is “naked”, of a person or a part of the body, and also “stripped” of one's outer garment, as in Virgil's ''nūdus arā, sere nūdus'', “plough stripped, sow stripped”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) A person driven out ''nūdus'' has lost everything.^(OLD 2012) It is “unarmed” and of a place or army “exposed to attack”, with an ablative “lacking the protection of”;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) “unsheltered” and of the dead “unburied”; of a sword “drawn”; and of a horse “unsaddled”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Things are ''nūda'' without their normal covering: bare bones, bare ground, leafless trees, featherless creatures, husked grain, a clear sky.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary adds “poor, needy”, “bare, simple, pure” and “unadorned”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In Medieval Latin a holding is ''nūdus'' when it has no tenant.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|nude]] was first a legal term, “unsupported”, in the 1530s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''pulchra mulier nūda''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a man stripped of his inheritance.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil: ''nūdus arā, sere nūdus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|nude]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|naked]], unclothed; bare (of parts of the body).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Stripped of one's outer garment; stripped of possessions.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Unarmed; exposed, [[m|en|defenceless]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Unsheltered; unburied.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Drawn, unsheathed (of a sword).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Bare, without its natural covering; leafless; hairless; husked.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Poor, needy.^(Wiktionary)

+ # Mere, simple, pure; unadorned.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Not held by a [[m|en|tenant]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nudipes]]

+ * [[nūditās]]

+ * [[nūdō]]

+ * [[nūdulus]]

+ * [[renudus]]

+ * [[sēminūdus]]

+ * [[nūdē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|naked]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}