iratus Latin · revision 18159

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₁eis-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [iːˈraː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [iˈraː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īrātus''' (feminine īrāta, neuter īrātum, comparative īrātior, superlative īrātissimus, adverb iratē); first/second-declension participle^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|īra|-ātus|t1=anger]], and was later taken as the participle of [[m|la|īrāscor|t=to grow angry]], which arose from it by back-formation.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) [[m|la|īra]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*eisā-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁eis-h₂-|t=anger]];^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus spells it ⟨eira⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Compare [[ae|aēšma-|t=wrath]] and [[grc|οἶμα|tr=oîma|t=rush]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who has ''omitte īrātus esse'', “stop being angry”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Īrātus'' is “angry, enraged, furious”, especially with a dative of the person one is angry with.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Church Latin glosses it “angry”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|irate]] comes from it in 1838.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''omitte īrātus esse''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1838 – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|irate]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|angry]], enraged, [[m|en|furious]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[perīrātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[īra]]

+ * [[īrāscor]]

+ * [[īrācundus]]

+ * [[en|irate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}