odi Latin · revision 18156

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *h₃ed-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈoː.diː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔː.di]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ōdī''' (present infinitive ōdisse, perfect active ōsus sum); fourth conjugation, no present stem, perfect active forms have present active meaning, deponent in the perfect^(Wiktionary)

+ Only the perfect system is classical, with present meaning;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''ōsus sum'' is used with the same force in Plautus and Gracchus, and Antony has ''odīvī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Later writers built present forms (''odis, odiant, odiet''), and Gracchus is said to have attested an old present ''odiō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ōd-|t=to hate]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₃e-h₃od-|t=to hate]], a reduplicated perfect of the root [[m|ine-pro|*h₃ed-]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The perfect had a stative or resultative sense, “to be in a state of hatred”;^(de Vaan 2008) LIV takes the root to have meant “to develop hatred against”, which de Vaan thinks possible but not necessary.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[grc|ὀδύσσασθαι|tr=odússasthai|t=to be angry]], [[non|etja|t=to incite]] and [[ang|atol|t=terrible]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus has ''inimīcōs semper ōsa sum obtuērier'', “I have always hated to look at enemies”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Ōdī'' is a perfect with present meaning, “to hate, have an aversion to, dislike”, of persons or things.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) With an infinitive it is “to hate to, be reluctant to” (Horace: a mind content with the present ''ōderit cūrāre'', “will refuse to worry about what lies beyond”); Pliny the Elder says the balsam tree “hates” to be cut with iron.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “hate, detest”.^(Stelten 1995) From the same root come ''[[odium]]'', hatred, and ''[[odiōsus]]'', offensive, both from Plautus on.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''inimīcōs semper ōsa sum obtuērier''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace: ''ōderit cūrāre''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate has the new perfect ''odīvī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|hate]], detest, dislike.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To hate to, be reluctant to (with an infinitive).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exōsus]]

+ * [[odium]]

+ * [[ōdibilis]]

+ * [[ōsor]]

+ * [[perōdī]]

+ * [[ōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[odiō]]

+ * [[odiōsē]]

+ * [[odiōsus]]

+ * [[perōsus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}