cibus Latin · revision 18152

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɪ.bʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃiː.bus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cibus''' ''m'' (genitive cibī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan notes that a root of the shape ⟨*ḱ-bʰ⟩ is not possible in Proto-Indo-European and ⟨*b⟩ is very rare, so an inherited word would need a root ⟨*ḱi-⟩ with a suffix ⟨*-bʰ-⟩, for which nothing matches.^(de Vaan 2008) It may well be a loanword, perhaps from [[grc|κίβος|tr=kíbos|t=box, chest]] or [[m|grc|κίβισις|tr=kíbisis|t=pouch]], as Thurneysen proposed.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) L&S connected it with the root of [[m|la|capiō|t=to take]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) Ennius has ''ille trīstis est dum cibum servat, tū rīdēns vorās'', “he is gloomy while he saves his food, you laugh and gobble it”, and Plautus ''quasi mūrēs semper edimus aliēnum cibum'', “like mice we always eat other people's food”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Cibus'' is food for people and animals, nourishment.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is one's keep or ration (Plautus: ''Venerī cibō meō serviō'', “I serve Venus for my keep”), and a meal (Plautus: ''prīmus ad cibum vocātur'', “he is the first called to dinner”, Lucretius: ''cibum sequitur somnus'', “sleep follows a meal”).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is used of the nourishment of plants, of the air as food for living things, and figuratively of whatever sustains someone (Plautus: ''tibi amor prō cibōst'', “love is food for you”).^(OLD 2012) L&S set it beside ''[[ēsca]]'' and ''[[epulae]]'', and opposite ''[[pōtiō]]'', drink.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “food, meat, fuel”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''dum cibum servat''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''edimus aliēnum cibum'';^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) ''prīmus ad cibum vocātur''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius: ''cibum sequitur somnus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|food]], [[m|en|fodder]], nourishment.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # One's keep; a ration.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|meal]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Nourishment (of plants; of the air).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Sustenance (figurative).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cibālis]]

+ * [[cibārius]]

+ * [[cibicīda]]

+ * [[cibō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cibātiō]]

+ * [[cibātus]]

+ * [[ēsca]]

+ * [[epulae]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}