centurio Latin · revision 18150

+ {{homograph|1|divide into centuries}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *dḱm̥tóm}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɛnˈtʊ.ri.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [t͡ʃenˈtuː.ri.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''centuriō''' (present infinitive centuriāre, perfect active centuriāvī, supine centuriātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb is formed from [[m|la|centuria|t=century, a body of a hundred]] with the verb ending ⟨-ō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) [[m|la|centuria]] is from [[m|la|centum|t=hundred]], perhaps on the model of [[decuria]];^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary explains it as ⟨*centu-viria⟩, “a hundred men”.^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|centum]] continues [[ine-pro|*dḱm̥tóm|t=hundred]] directly.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus already uses it in jest of a slave's helpers: ''sī centuriātī bene sunt manipulārēs meī'', “if my troops are well drawn up”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The OLD's first citation is Cicero: ''cum hominēs in tribūnālī Aurēliō palam cōnscrībī centuriārīque vīdissem'', “when I had seen men openly enrolled and formed into centuries at the Aurelian tribunal”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Centuriāre'' is “to form recruits into centuries”, of the infantry only (horsemen were ''decuriātī''), as in Livy's ''equitēs decuriātī, centuriātī peditēs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The land surveyors use it of dividing land into ''centuriae'', squares of land.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary notes the participle used of voting by centuries.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus jokes: ''sī centuriātī bene sunt manipulārēs meī'', “if my troops are well drawn up”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''cōnscrībī centuriārīque''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy: ''equitēs decuriātī, centuriātī peditēs''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To form into centuries, organize in [[m|en|company|alt=companies]] (troops).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To divide (land) into ''centuriae''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''centuriātus'': having voted by centuries.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[centuriātiō]]

+ * [[centuriātus]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|centurion}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *dḱm̥tóm}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɛnˈtʊ.ri.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [t͡ʃenˈtuː.ri.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''centuriō''' ''m'' (genitive centuriōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Inscriptions before Quintilian often write ''chenturio'', with a wrong aspirate, and a by-form ''centuriōnus'' is found.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun is formed from [[m|la|centuria|t=century, a body of a hundred]] with the suffix ⟨-ō⟩, ⟨-ōnis⟩ of agent nouns.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|centuria]] is from [[m|la|centum|t=hundred]], perhaps on the model of [[decuria]];^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary explains it as ⟨*centu-viria⟩, “a hundred men”.^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|centum]] continues [[ine-pro|*dḱm̥tóm|t=hundred]] directly.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010) It is the officer in command of a century of the legion.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Centuriō'' is a centurion, the commander of a century, “captain”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Church Latin glosses it “centurion”.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it is also the head of a hundred, like ''centēnārius'', and an estate administrator.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|centurion]] (late 13th century) comes from its accusative ''centuriōnem''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 13th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|centurion]].^(Etymonline)

+ * Middle Ages – Used of an estate administrator.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|centurion]], commander of a century.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The head of a hundred; an estate administrator.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[centuriōnātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[centum]]

+ * [[centuria]]

+ * [[centuriālis]]

+ * [[centuriātim]]

+ * [[decuriō]]

+ * [[en|centurion]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}