pietas Latin · revision 18147

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *puH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpi.ɛ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpiː.e.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pietās''' ''f'' (genitive pietātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|pius|-tās|t1=dutiful, pious]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Wiktionary reconstructs [[itc-pro|*pwījotāts]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|pius]] from [[itc-pro|*pwījo-]], [[ine-pro|*puH-io-|t=purifying]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Ennius.^(Köbler 2010) Plautus has ''pietāte factum est meā atque maiōrum meum'', “it was done through my piety and my ancestors'”, of help from the gods, and ''pietās prohibet'', “filial duty forbids it”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Pietās'' is the dutiful respect owed to those one is bound to by religion or blood: to the gods (Cicero: ''est enim pietās iūstitia adversus deōs'', “piety is justice towards the gods”), to parents and children, to relatives, and of citizens to their country (''pietās in rem pūblicam'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary adds “gentleness, kindness, pity”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In Church Latin it is piety, godliness, goodness, mercy, and love and duty towards God.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it is also charity, alms, divine mercy, and pity.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|piety]] (mid-14th century) and its doublet [[m|en|pity]] (mid-13th century) both come from it through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''pietās prohibet''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''pietās in rem pūblicam''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-13th century – English [[m|en|pity]], through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+ * mid-14th century – English [[m|en|piety]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Dutiful respect, sense of [[m|en|duty]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|piety]] (towards the gods).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Dutifulness, affection (towards parents, children, relatives).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Loyalty, [[m|en|patriotism]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Kindness, [[m|en|pity]], compassion.^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Godliness; mercy.^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Charity, alms.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pietāticultrīx]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[piē]]

+ * [[piō]]

+ * [[pius]]

+ * [[impietās]]

+ * [[en|piety]]

+ * [[en|pity]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}