vehementer Latin · revision 18110

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *weǵʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [we.(ɦ)ɛˈmɛn.tɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ve.eˈmɛn.ter]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vehementer''' (comparative vehementius, superlative vehementissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''vēmenter''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|vehemēns|-ter|t1=violent, eager]], the adverb of that adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists [[m|la|vehemēns]] among the derivatives of [[m|la|vehō|t=to carry]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*weχ-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*weǵʰ-e/o-|t=to carry]];^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Walde and Hofmann's explanation as an old middle participle ⟨*weǵʰemenos⟩ can no longer be upheld.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Guiraud shows that the full form is older than the contracted ⟨vēmēns⟩ and first meant “who gets carried away”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has ''vāpulāre ego tē vehementer iubeō'', “I order you to be soundly thrashed”, and ''ita fluctuāre videō vehementer mare'', “I see the sea surging so violently”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Vehementer'' is “with great force, violently, energetically”, and of mental effort “strenuously, in an impassioned manner”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Of feelings it means “strongly, deeply” (Plautus: ''vehementer īrāta'', “violently angry”); from Varro and Cicero on it often means simply “very much, exceedingly” (''id quod vehementer ad rem pertinēbat'', “what was very much to the point”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''vāpulāre ego tē vehementer iubeō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it as “very much”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''vehementer ad rem pertinēbat''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|violently]], with great force, [[m|en|vehemently]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Strenuously, energetically, in an impassioned manner.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Strongly, deeply (of feelings).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Very much, [[m|en|exceedingly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vehemēns]]

+ * [[vehō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}