pudeo Latin · revision 18106

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpʊ.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpuː.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pudeō''' (present infinitive pudēre, perfect active puduī or puditus sum, supine puditum); second conjugation, optionally semi-deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Pliny the Elder has the future participle ''puditūrum''.^(OLD 2012)

+ Deponent forms occur in the perfect, and Petronius has ''pudeātur''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pud-ē-|t=to be ashamed, shy]], whose further origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Walde and Hofmann, and the OLD, connect [[m|la|paviō|t=to beat]], with a first sense such as “to beat back”;^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Ernout and Meillet hesitantly suggest [[ine-pro|*spewd-|t=to press, hurry]], which de Vaan finds more attractive in meaning, though that root is not otherwise found without its initial /s/.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''pol, sī aliud nīl sit, tuī mē, uxor, pudet'', “by Pollux, wife, if nothing else, I am ashamed before you”, and personally ''ita nunc pudeō atque ita nunc paveō'', “so ashamed am I now, so afraid”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Pudet'' is mostly impersonal: ''mē pudet'' with a genitive of the cause is “I am ashamed of”, and with a genitive of a person “I am ashamed before” someone (Terence: ''factī pudet'', “I am ashamed of what I did”, Cicero: ''ut mē nōn sōlum pigeat stultitiae meae sed etiam pudeat'', “so that I am not only sorry for my folly but ashamed of it”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) With a personal subject ''pudeō'' is “to feel shame, be ashamed”, and rarely “to put to shame”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “to be ashamed”, and the impersonal “it causes shame”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''tuī mē, uxor, pudet''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''factī pudet''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''nōn sōlum pigeat … sed etiam pudeat''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius has the deponent ''pudeātur''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(impersonal)'' ''mē pudet'': I am [[m|en|ashamed]] (of something, before someone).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To feel [[m|en|shame]], be ashamed.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To make ashamed, put to shame.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēpudet]]

+ * [[dispudet]]

+ * [[impudēns]]

+ * [[pudefaciō]]

+ * [[pudibilis]]

+ * [[pudibundus]]

+ * [[pudīcus]]

+ * [[pudor]]

+ * [[prōpudiānus]]

+ * [[prōpudiōsus]]

+ * [[prōpudium]]

+ * [[pudēfactus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pudendus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}