munitio Latin · revision 18102

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=120–67 BC, Sisenna|origins=la moenia}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [muːˈniː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [muˈnit.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mūnītiō''' ''f'' (genitive mūnītiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|mūniō|-tiō|t1=to fortify]], a noun of action.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives [[m|la|mūniō]], older ⟨moeniō⟩, from [[m|la|moenia|t=defensive walls]], from [[itc-pro|*moini-|t=protective wall]], perhaps from [[ine-pro|*(H)moi-ni-|t=construction]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Sisenna,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who has ''sub hostium mūnītiōnem succēdunt'', “they come up under the enemy's fortification”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Mūnītiō'' is the building of defensive works, “fortifying”, also the walling-in of a besieged place (Cicero: ''mūnītiō Thessalonīcae''), and concretely, often in the plural, “a fortification, defence work”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is also the building up of a road with a firm surface (Cicero: ''ex viārum mūnītiōne'', “from the making of roads”), and figuratively a support for a cause.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “fort, entrenchment”.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin adds “protection”, “a protected place”, “a charter” and “the validation of a deed”.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|munition]] comes from it through French in the 1530s, first as “fortification”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 120–67 BC – Sisenna: ''sub hostium mūnītiōnem succēdunt''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of road-making.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of fortifications.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English [[m|en|munition]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|fortifying]], the building of defences; circumvallation.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|fortification]], defence work, rampart.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # The building up (of a road).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A support (for a cause).^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Protection; a protected place;^(Niermeyer 1976) a [[m|en|charter]]; the validation of a deed.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[munitiuncula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mūniō]]

+ * [[moenia]]

+ * [[mūnīmentum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}