paternus Latin · revision 18093

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ph₂tḗr}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [paˈtɛr.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [paˈtɛr.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''paternus''' (feminine paterna, neuter paternum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|pater|-nus|t1=father]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives [[m|la|pater]] from [[itc-pro|*pater-]], from [[ine-pro|*ph₂tḗr|t=father]], cognate with [[osc|patir]], [[sa|पितृ|tr=pitṛ́|t=father]], [[grc|πατήρ|tr=patḗr]] and [[goh|fater]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Ennius.^(Köbler 2010) Plautus has ''apud suom paternum hospitem'', “at the house of his father's guest-friend”, and Caecilius ''rem paternam'', “his father's property”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Paternus'' is “of a father, paternal”: a father's property, friends, slaves and relations.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) In poetry it extends to “ancestral” (Horace: ''paternōs in sinū ferēns deōs'', “carrying his ancestral gods in his bosom”) and to one's origin or birthplace, “native” (Horace: ''paternī flūminis rīpae'', “the banks of your native river”).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “paternal, fatherly”.^(Stelten 1995) Köbler records it widely in early medieval laws.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''paternum hospitem''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 230/220–168 BC – Caecilius: ''rem paternam''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace: ''paternōs … deōs'';^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) ''paternī flūminis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of a father, [[m|en|paternal]], fatherly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Related through the father.^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|ancestral]], of one's forefathers.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|native]], of one's birthplace or origin.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[paternitās]]

+ * [[paternālis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pater]]

+ * [[patrius]]

+ * [[māternus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ L&S distinguish ''paternus'', used of a father's property, possessions and outward relations (''paternī agrī, servī, lībertī''), from ''[[patrius]]'', used of what belongs to his nature, dignity or duty (''patrius amor'', ''patria potestās'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}