utinam Latin · revision 18087

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kʷu-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈʊ.tɪ.nãː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈuː.ti.nam]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''utinam''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|ut|nam|t1=how, as|t2=for]], with the older form ⟨utī⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives the first part from [[itc-pro|*kʷutV(s)|t=how]], from the pronoun stem [[ine-pro|*kʷu-|t=where, how]], cognate with Oscan [[m|osc|puz|t=that]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Ennius has ''utinam nē in nemore Pēliō secūribus caesa accidisset abiegna ad terram trabēs!'', “if only the fir timbers had never fallen to the ground, felled by axes in the grove of Pelion!”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Utinam'' strengthens a wish expressed by the subjunctive, “if only, would that”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is often joined with ''quod'' or ''atque'' (Cicero: ''quod utinam minus vītae cupidī fuissēmus!'', “if only we had been less eager to live!”), with ''nē'' or ''nōn'' for a negative wish, and it can qualify a single word.^(OLD 2012) Alone it answers “I hope so!” (Terence: ''iam hīc suōs parentēs repperit? – utinam!'', “has she found her parents? – I hope so!”).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “would that, oh that”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''utinam nē in nemore Pēliō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses ''quod utinam''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''utinam!'', “I hope so!”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''quod utinam minus vītae cupidī fuissēmus!''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Particle===

+ # [[m|en|if only]], would that, oh that (with the subjunctive).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''utinam nē'', ''utinam nōn'': if only … not.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(alone, in answers)'' I hope so!^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ut]]

+ * [[nam]]

+ * [[ō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}