arvum Latin · revision 18080

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *h₂erh₃-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''arvum''' ''n'' (genitive arvī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the neuter of the adjective [[m|la|arvus|t=ploughed, arable]], used as a noun.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan takes the adjective as primary, from [[itc-pro|*arawo-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-wo-|t=ploughable]], from the root of [[m|la|arō|t=to plough]].^(de Vaan 2008) The earliest texts have the feminine ⟨arva⟩, which matches the noun [[xum|arvamen|t=in the field]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|arbor|t=grain]], [[cy|erw|t=acre]], [[sa|उर्वरा|tr=urvárā|t=arable land]] and [[grc|ἄρουρα|tr=ároura|t=tilled land]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan finds the feminine ''arva'' in Livius Andronicus, Naevius and Pacuvius, and the neuter from Cicero on.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler dates the word from Livius Andronicus.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Arvum'' is “a ploughed field, arable land”, as opposed to meadow (Cicero, of the complaints of the ploughmen).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the plural, chiefly in poetry, it is “lands, country” (''arva Neptūnia'', the sea; the Elysian fields), the countryside as against the town, “plains” and “the ground”, dry land as opposed to the sea, and the course of a racetrack in Statius.^(OLD 2012)

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+ Church Latin glosses it “field, sown field”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus has the feminine ''arva''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero has the neuter.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius: fish cannot live ''in arvīs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A ploughed [[m|en|field]], arable land.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(plural)'' Lands, [[m|en|territory]], country.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The countryside; plains; the ground.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(plural)'' Dry land.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arvus]]

+ * [[arō]]

+ * [[arātrum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}