ter Latin · revision 18078

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *trís}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ter''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*tris]], [[inh|ine-pro|*trís|t=thrice]], from the stem of [[m|la|trēs|t=three]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The OLD reconstructs ⟨*ters⟩ from ⟨*tris⟩, and Wiktionary an earlier ⟨terr⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sa|त्रिस्|tr=trís|t=thrice]] and [[grc|τρίς|tr=trís|t=thrice]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler first records it in the Twelve Tables.^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) and Ennius' Medea says ''ter sub armīs mālim vītam cernere quam semel modo parere'', “I would rather risk my life in battle three times than give birth once”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Ter'' is “three times, on three occasions”, often of acts repeated in ritual (Virgil, Ovid).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''Bis terque'' and ''terque quaterque'' mean “again and again”, while ''bis terve'' is “two or three times, only a few times” (Cicero: Appius had written to him ''bis terve'').^(OLD 2012) As a multiplier it is “thrice” (''ter centum'', ''ter dēnī'', sometimes written as one word), and with adjectives it exaggerates, “three times as” (Plautus: ''ter tantō peior'', “three times worse”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary also notes its symbolic use for a sacred or complete number.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “three times, thrice”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''ter sub armīs mālim vītam cernere''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''ter tantō peior''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''bis terve''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Three times, [[m|en|thrice]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(bis terque, terque quaterque)'' [[m|en|repeatedly]], again and again.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(bis terve)'' Only a few times.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with numerals or adjectives)'' Three times as; trebly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[terdeni]]

+ * [[teriugus]]

+ * [[terrūncius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trēs]]

+ * [[tertius]]

+ * [[ternī]]

+ * [[bis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}